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Human A&P Lab > Exercise 2: Cell Structure and Division > Flashcards

Exercise 2: Cell Structure and Division Flashcards

1
Q

3 common characteristics of cells:

A
  1. The outer boundary of the cell is the plasma membrane.
  2. All cells store genetic information in the form of DNA
  3. Everything inside the plasma membrane that is not DNA or nucleus is cytoplasm.
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2
Q

Levels of Orgaization

A
  1. Organelles
  2. Cells
  3. Tissues
  4. Organs
  5. Systems
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3
Q

Characteristics/Function of the nucleus.

A
  1. Contains nucleus

2. Pattern for building all proteins for the cell.

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4
Q

Characteristics/Function of the nuclear envelope.

A
  1. Membrane around nucleus.

2. DNA can not cross it.

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5
Q

Characteristics/Function of the nucleolus.

A
  1. Area in nucleus

2. Site of mRNA synthesis.

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6
Q

Characteristics/Function of chromatin.

A

Unwound DNA inside nucleus.

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7
Q

Characteristics/Function of the nuclear pores.

A
  1. Opening in nuclear envelope

2. Allows mRNA out of nucleus.

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8
Q

Characteristics/Function of the cytoskeleton.

A
  1. Several different types.

2. Internal scaffolding for cell.

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9
Q

Characteristics/Function of the cytoplasm.

A
  1. Semi-solid substance
  2. Fills space between plasma membrane and nucleus
  3. Composed of organelles suspended in cytosol.
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10
Q

Characteristics/Function of the Plasma membrane.

A
  1. Outer boundary of cell
  2. Lipid bilayer.
  3. Regulates what enters or leaves cell.
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11
Q

Characteristics/Function of the Ribosomes

A
  1. Composed of rRNA and proteins
  2. Site of mRNA translation.
  3. Free ribosomes are in cytoplasm
  4. Fixed ribosomes stud outside of RER.
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12
Q

Characteristics/Function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum RER

A
  1. Membraneous organelle
  2. Network of channels
  3. Site of protein synthesis
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13
Q

Characteristics/Function of Mitochondrion

A
  1. Membraneous organelle
  2. Bean-shaped
  3. Site of ATP synthesis
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14
Q

Characteristics/Function of a Lysosome

A
  1. Membrane bound vesicle

2. Contains hydrolytic enzymes

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15
Q

Characteristics/Function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

A
  1. Membraneous organelle
  2. Forms tube-like structure
  3. Site of lipid synthesis.
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16
Q

Characteristics/Function of a centriole.

A
  1. Paired organelle

2. Organizes spindle fibers during mitosis.

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17
Q

Characteristics/Function of the Golgi Apparatus

A
  1. membraneous organelle
  2. Forms stack of plates
  3. Proteins packaged for secretion
18
Q

Characteristics/Function of a transport vesicle

A
  1. Membrane-bound vesicle

2. Transports substances throughout the cell.

19
Q

Mitosis

A

The division portion of the cell cycle, ensure that each daughter cell receives the full and correct number of chromosomes from the parent.

20
Q

Interphase

A
  1. Consists of G1, S, & G2 phases
  2. Time during which cell is carrying out its functions and growing larger.
  3. Repliates DNA as it prepares to divide.
21
Q

First Growth (G1) phase

A
  1. Cells grow larger

2. Carries out cellular functions

22
Q

Synthesis (S) phase

A
  1. DNA is replicated
  2. Sister chromatids are formed.
  3. Organelles increase in number
23
Q

Second Growth (G2) Phase

A
  1. Cells grow larger
  2. Prepares to divide
  3. Continues to carry out cellular functions
24
Q

Mitosis

A
  1. Equal division of DNA

2. Consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

25
Q

Cell Division

A
  1. Consists of the four stages of mitosis and cytokinesis.

2. Time during which original cell produces two identical daughter cells.

26
Q

Cytokinesis

A
  1. Division of cytoplasm

2. Results in two equal cells.

27
Q

Stages of Mitosis: Interphase

A
  1. Cell carries out its functions.
  2. DNA is diffuse and called chromatin
  3. No chromosomes are visible
  4. Cell replicates DNA and organelles as it prepares to enter mitosis
28
Q

Stages of Mitosis: Prophase

A
  1. First stage of mitosis
  2. Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes called sister chromatins
  3. Sister chromatids are the result of DNA replication, two identical chromosomes connected by a centromere
  4. Nuclear envelope begins to break down.
  5. Spindle fibers appear.
29
Q

Stages of Mitosis: Metaphase

A
  1. Second stage of mitosis
  2. Nuclear envelope is gone
  3. Centromere of each sister chromatid attaches to spindle fibers
  4. Sister chromatids line up along equator of cell.
30
Q

Stages of Mitosis: Anaphase

A
  1. Third stage of mitosis
  2. Sister chromatids separate at centromere to produce individual chromosomes
  3. Chromosomes begin to migrate to the poles.
31
Q

Stages of Mitosis: Telophase

A
  1. Fourth stage of mitosis
  2. Chromosomes reach poles
  3. Spindle fibers disappear.
  4. Nuclei begin to reform
32
Q

Stages of Mitosis: Cytokinesis

A
  1. Physical division of cell following division of DNA.
  2. When complete, two identical daughter cells are formed
  3. Each daughter cell enters interphase and entire process begins again.
33
Q

A group of like cells group together to form_____

A

Tissue

34
Q

Which of the following choices is NOT found in all cells?

Centrioles
Plasma Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

A

Centrioles

35
Q

Which organelle is the site of ATP synthesis?

A

Mitochondrion

36
Q

During interphase DNA is found as _____?

A

Chromatin

37
Q

Which organelle is the internal scaffolding of a cell?

A

Cytoskeleton

38
Q

During what phase is DNA replicated?

A

S Phase

39
Q

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids become visible?

A

Prophase

40
Q

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate into chromosomes?

A

Anaphase

41
Q

Which of the following is the physical division of a cell?

A

Cytokinesis

Human A&P Lab (7 decks)

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