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Human A&P Lab > Exercise 6: Integumentary System Anatomy > Flashcards

Exercise 6: Integumentary System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Skin

A

Also called the integument or cutaneous membrane. Makes up the integumentary system.

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2
Q

What are the skin’s accessory organs?

A 
Sweat Glands
Sebaceous Glands 
Hair
Sensory Receptors
Nails
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3
Q

Hypodermis

A

A continuous layer of adipose tissue that separates the skin from deeper tissues. Not technically considered part of the skin.

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4
Q

Functions of skin:

A

Protects against invasion by pathogens, UV damage, loss of body fluids and physical trauma.

Regulating body temperature

Provides sensory information

Excretes waste products

Synthesizes vitamin D

Stores energy in adipose tissue

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5
Q

Two layers of skin:

A
  1. ) Epidermis (superficial layer)

2. ) Dermis (deep layer)

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6
Q

Epidermis:

A

Superficial layer composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Avascular

Consists of 4 layers in thin skin and 5 layers in thick skin

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7
Q

Dermis:

A

Deep Layer of the skin

Composed of connective tissue

Highly vascular

Consists of 2 layers

Houses glands, hair and sensory receptors

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8
Q

Hypodermis:

A

Deep to dermis

Composed of adipose tissue

Also called subcutaneous layer

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9
Q

Layers of the epidermis from surface of skin to deepest layer.

A
  1. ) Stratum Corneum
  2. ) Stratum Lucidum
  3. ) Stratum granulosum
  4. ) Stratum spinosum
  5. ) Stratum basale
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10
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Most superficial layer of the skin
15-30 rows
Dead flat keratinocytes continually slough off.

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11
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Found only in thick skin of palm and sole

3-5 layers of flattened, clear, dead keratinocytes

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12
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that are dying and shrinking and becoming filled with keratin

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13
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

8-10 Layers of many sided keratinocytes

Keratinocytes are dying and shrinking

Have “spiny shape”

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14
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Deepest layer

Contacts dermis

Single layer of actively dividing cells

Also called status germinativum

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15
Q

Keratinocyte

A

Found in all epidermal layers

Most abundant skin cell

Produces Keratin

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16
Q

Langerhan’s Cell

A

Found in stratum spinosum

Migrate from bone marrow

Protect against bacteria

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17
Q

Merkel Cell

A

Found in stratum germinative (basale)

Touch receptor

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18
Q

Melanocyte

A

Found in stratum basale

Cell extensions reach into stratum spinosum

Produce melanin

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19
Q

What is the thickest layer of the skin

A

Dermis

20
Q

Two layers of dermis

A
  1. )Superficial Papillary layer

2. ) Reticular Layer

21
Q

What fibers make up the dermis?

A

Collagen and elastic

22
Q

Dermal papilla

A

Extensions of papillary layer into epidermis

23
Q

Papillary Layer of the Dermis

A

Contacts the stratum basale of the epidermis

Composed or areolar connective tissue

24
Q

Reticular Layer

A

Bulk of Dermis

Composed of dense irregular CT

Contacts hypodermis

25
Q

Two types of skin glands

A
  1. ) Sudoriferous Glands

2. ) Sebaceous Glands

26
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

Produce sweat

27
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Produce oil called sebum directly onto hair follicle

28
Q

Two types of Sudoriferous glands

A
  1. ) Eccrine

2. )Apocrine

29
Q

Eccrine Sweat glands

A 
Most common.
Secretes watery sweat
Sweat evaporation cools skin 
Sweat contains small amount of waste products 
Also called merocrine
30
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands

A

Found mainly in axillae and inguinal region
Secretes thick substance responsible for body odor
Usually secretes directly into a hair follicle

31
Q

Hair Shaft

A

Portion of hair above skin surface

Contains dead, keratinized cells

32
Q

Hair Root

A

Portion of hair below skin surface

Consist of dead, keratinized cells

33
Q

Arrector Pili muscle

A

Bundle of smooth muscle fibers
Extends from hair follicle into dermis
Contracts to make hair stand up

34
Q

Hair follicle

A

Invagination of epidermal cells

Forms sheath around hair root

35
Q

Hair Bulb

A

Group of cells at base of hair root

Matrix is area of hair bulb containing cells dividing to form new hair cells

36
Q

Hair papilla

A

CT cells
Extend into hair bulb
Contains blood vessels to bring nutrients to dividing cells

37
Q

Nociceptors

A

In papillary layer of dermis and basal layer of epidermis
Free nerve endings
Detect pain as a result of tissue damage

38
Q

Merkel Disks

A

In papillary of dermis and basal layer of epidermis
free nerve endings
detect fine touch and pressure

39
Q

Tactile Corpuscles

A

Papillary layer of dermis
Encapsulated
Detect light touch and pressure
also called Meissner’s corpuscles

40
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

In dermis
Free nerve endings
Cold receptors detect between 10-40 C
Warm receptors between 32-49 C

41
Q

Hair Root Plexus

A

Wrapped around hair follicle
Free nerve endings
Detect hair movement

42
Q

Ruffini’s Corpuscles

A

In reticular layer of dermis
Encapsulated
Detect stretching

43
Q

Lamellated Corpuscles

A

Deep in dermis or hypodermis
Encapsulated
Detect deep pressure
Also called Pacinian corpuscles

44
Q

First-degree burn

A

The most superficial. Damages only the epidermis. Redness, swelling and pain. Burned area may become whitened but not blistered

45
Q

Second-degree burn

A

Also called partial-thickness burn because damage extends partway through the dermis layer. Red, swollen, painful, plus it blisters

46
Q

Third-degree burn

A

Full-thickness burn because damage extends into subcutaneous layer. Not as painful as second-degree because the pain receptors in the dermis have been destroyed. Skin develops a grey to black leathery covering called eschar

Human A&P Lab (7 decks)

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