Lab 9

Question 1

What are the 6 types of neuroglial cells?

Answer 1

1. Oligodendrocytes
2. Microglial Cells
3. Astrocytes
4. Ependymal Cells
5. Schwann Cells
6. Satellite Cells

Question 2

What are the 4 types of neuroglial cells that are found only in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Answer 2

1. Oligodendrocytes
2. Microglial Cells
3. Astrocytes
4. Ependymal Cells

Question 3

What are the 2 types of neuroglial cells that are found only in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Answer 3

1. Schwann Cells

2. Satellite Cells

Question 4

Dendrites

Answer 4

Branched processes at proximal end of multipolar neuron.

Functions: Form synapses with axon terminals of other neurons. Stimulated by preceding cell. Conducts impulse to cell body.

Question 5

Cell Body

Answer 5

Also called soma. Contains nucleus and organelles.

Functions: Receives impulses from dendrites. Conducts impulses to axon.

Question 6

Axon Hillock

Answer 6

Widened base of axon. Point where axon arises from cell body.

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

Single process from cell body, but may branch into collateral axons.

Functions: Carries impulse away from cell body. Terminates in axon terminal

Question 8

Myelin Sheath

Answer 8

Axon covering of some peripheral neurons. Composed of lipoprotein molecules with Schwann cells. Outer layer is called neurilemma.

Question 9

Schwann Cell

Answer 9

Neuroglial cell of the PNS. Wraps around axon like a jelly roll.

Function: Produces myelin sheath.

Question 10

Node of Ranvier

Answer 10

Gaps in myelin sheath. Nerve impulses move down axon from node to node.

Question 11

Axon Terminals

Answer 11

Branched distal end of axon. Forms synapses with dendrites of next cell or neuromuscular junction.

Function: Stores neurotransmitter.

Question 12

Spinal Cord

Answer 12

Extends from medulla oblongata through foramen magnum. Pia matter is fused to its surface.

Question 13

Cervical Nerves

Answer 13

8 pairs. C1-C8. Exit between cervical vertebrae.

Question 14

Thoracic Nerves

Answer 14

12 pairs. T1-T12. Exit between thoracic vertebrae.

Question 15

Lumbar Nerves

Answer 15

5 pairs. L1-L5. Exit between lumbar vertebrae.

Question 16

Sacral Nerves

Answer 16

5 Pairs. S1-S5. Exit through sacral foramina.

Question 17

Coccygeal Nerves

Answer 17

One pair of nerves CO1. Exit below the sacrum.

Question 18

Conus Medullaris

Answer 18

Cone-shaped end to spiral cord. In an adult, about the level of L1-L2 vertebrae. Only nerves fill the spinal cavity below this point.

Question 19

Cauda Equina

Answer 19

Term means horse tail. Describes the collection of spinal nerves extending from conus medullaris.

Question 20

Central Canal

Answer 20

Runs length of spinal cord. Contains cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 21

Dorsal Root

Answer 21

Contains axons of sensory neurons.

Function: Carries sensory information to spinal cord.

Question 22

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Answer 22

Contains cells bodies of sensory neurons

Question 23

Spinal nerve

Answer 23

Contains both sensory and motor neurons running between spinal cord and rest of body.

Question 24

Ventral Root

Answer 24

Contains axons of motor neurons. Carries motor commands to effector organs.

Question 25

Gray Commissure

Answer 25

Connection between two sides of spinal cord.

Question 26

Ventral Gray Horn

Answer 26

Also called anterior gray horn. Contains motor nuclei to skeletal muscles.

Question 27

Lateral Gray Horn

Answer 27

Only in thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord. Location of motor nuclei to internal organs.

Question 28

Dorsal Gray Horn

Answer 28

Also called posterior gray horn. Location of sensory nuclei.

Question 29

Lateral White Column

Answer 29

Lies between the dorsal and ventral gray horns

Function: Carries ascending sensory tracts and descending motor tracts

Question 30

Dorsal White Column

Answer 30

Also called posterior white column. Lies between posterior median sulcus and dorsal gray horn.

Function: Carries ascending sensory tracts

Question 31

Ventral White Column

Answer 31

Also called anterior white column. Lies between anterior median fissure and ventral gray horn.

Function: Carries ascending sensory tracts and descending motor tracts.

Question 32

Ventral White Commissure

Answer 32

Consists of myelinated axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to another.

Function: Connects ventral columns.

Question 33

Phrenic

Answer 33

Cervical spinal nerve.

Skin: Does not innervate
Muscle: Diaphragm

Question 34

Axillary

Answer 34

1 of the 5 brachial spinal nerves.

Skin: Shoulder
Muscle: Deltoid

Question 35

Musculocutaneous

Answer 35

1 of the 5 brachial spinal nerves.

Skin: Lateral Forearm
Muscle: Flexor muscle of arm

Question 36

Median

Answer 36

1 of the 5 brachial spinal nerves

Skin: Anterolateral hand
Muscle: Flexor muscle of forearm and finger flexor.

Question 37

Ulnar

Answer 37

1 of the 5 brachial spinal nerves.

Skin: Medial hand
Muscle: Wrist and many hand muscles.

Question 38

Radial

Answer 38

1 of the 5 brachial spinal nerves.

Skin: Posterolateral arm
Muscle: Triceps brachii and extensor muscle of forearm and wrist.

Question 39

Lateral femoral cutaneous

Answer 39

1 of the 4 lumbar spinal nerves.

Skin: Anterior, lateral, posterior thigh.
Muscle: Does not innervate.

Question 40

Femoral

Answer 40

1 of the 4 lumbar spinal nerves

Skin: Anteromedial thigh, medial leg and foot.
Muscle Anterior thigh muscle

Question 41

Obturator

Answer 41

1 of the 4 lumbar spinal nerves

Skin: Medial thigh
Muscle: Adductor muscle of thigh

Question 42

Saphenous

Answer 42

1 of the 4 lumbar spinal nerves

Skin: Medial Leg
Muscle: Does not innervate

Question 43

Tibial

Answer 43

1 of the 2 sacral spinal nerves

Skin: Posterior leg and sole of foot
Muscle: Knee flexors and ankle plantar flexers.

Question 44

Common Fibular

Answer 44

1 of the 2 sacral spinal nerves.

Skin: Anterior leg and dorsum of foot.
Muscle: Dorsiflexor of ankle.