Lab 9 Flashcards
What are the 6 types of neuroglial cells?
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglial Cells
- Astrocytes
- Ependymal Cells
- Schwann Cells
- Satellite Cells
What are the 4 types of neuroglial cells that are found only in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglial Cells
- Astrocytes
- Ependymal Cells
What are the 2 types of neuroglial cells that are found only in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
- Schwann Cells
2. Satellite Cells
Dendrites
Branched processes at proximal end of multipolar neuron.
Functions: Form synapses with axon terminals of other neurons. Stimulated by preceding cell. Conducts impulse to cell body.
Cell Body
Also called soma. Contains nucleus and organelles.
Functions: Receives impulses from dendrites. Conducts impulses to axon.
Axon Hillock
Widened base of axon. Point where axon arises from cell body.
Axon
Single process from cell body, but may branch into collateral axons.
Functions: Carries impulse away from cell body. Terminates in axon terminal
Myelin Sheath
Axon covering of some peripheral neurons. Composed of lipoprotein molecules with Schwann cells. Outer layer is called neurilemma.
Schwann Cell
Neuroglial cell of the PNS. Wraps around axon like a jelly roll.
Function: Produces myelin sheath.
Node of Ranvier
Gaps in myelin sheath. Nerve impulses move down axon from node to node.
Axon Terminals
Branched distal end of axon. Forms synapses with dendrites of next cell or neuromuscular junction.
Function: Stores neurotransmitter.
Spinal Cord
Extends from medulla oblongata through foramen magnum. Pia matter is fused to its surface.
Cervical Nerves
8 pairs. C1-C8. Exit between cervical vertebrae.
Thoracic Nerves
12 pairs. T1-T12. Exit between thoracic vertebrae.
Lumbar Nerves
5 pairs. L1-L5. Exit between lumbar vertebrae.
Sacral Nerves
5 Pairs. S1-S5. Exit through sacral foramina.
Coccygeal Nerves
One pair of nerves CO1. Exit below the sacrum.
Conus Medullaris
Cone-shaped end to spiral cord. In an adult, about the level of L1-L2 vertebrae. Only nerves fill the spinal cavity below this point.
Cauda Equina
Term means horse tail. Describes the collection of spinal nerves extending from conus medullaris.
Central Canal
Runs length of spinal cord. Contains cerebrospinal fluid.
Dorsal Root
Contains axons of sensory neurons.
Function: Carries sensory information to spinal cord.
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Contains cells bodies of sensory neurons
Spinal nerve
Contains both sensory and motor neurons running between spinal cord and rest of body.
Ventral Root
Contains axons of motor neurons. Carries motor commands to effector organs.
Gray Commissure
Connection between two sides of spinal cord.
Ventral Gray Horn
Also called anterior gray horn. Contains motor nuclei to skeletal muscles.
Lateral Gray Horn
Only in thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord. Location of motor nuclei to internal organs.
Dorsal Gray Horn
Also called posterior gray horn. Location of sensory nuclei.
Lateral White Column
Lies between the dorsal and ventral gray horns
Function: Carries ascending sensory tracts and descending motor tracts
Dorsal White Column
Also called posterior white column. Lies between posterior median sulcus and dorsal gray horn.
Function: Carries ascending sensory tracts
Ventral White Column
Also called anterior white column. Lies between anterior median fissure and ventral gray horn.
Function: Carries ascending sensory tracts and descending motor tracts.
Ventral White Commissure
Consists of myelinated axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to another.
Function: Connects ventral columns.
Phrenic
Cervical spinal nerve.
Skin: Does not innervate
Muscle: Diaphragm
Axillary
1 of the 5 brachial spinal nerves.
Skin: Shoulder
Muscle: Deltoid
Musculocutaneous
1 of the 5 brachial spinal nerves.
Skin: Lateral Forearm
Muscle: Flexor muscle of arm
Median
1 of the 5 brachial spinal nerves
Skin: Anterolateral hand
Muscle: Flexor muscle of forearm and finger flexor.
Ulnar
1 of the 5 brachial spinal nerves.
Skin: Medial hand
Muscle: Wrist and many hand muscles.
Radial
1 of the 5 brachial spinal nerves.
Skin: Posterolateral arm
Muscle: Triceps brachii and extensor muscle of forearm and wrist.
Lateral femoral cutaneous
1 of the 4 lumbar spinal nerves.
Skin: Anterior, lateral, posterior thigh.
Muscle: Does not innervate.
Femoral
1 of the 4 lumbar spinal nerves
Skin: Anteromedial thigh, medial leg and foot.
Muscle Anterior thigh muscle
Obturator
1 of the 4 lumbar spinal nerves
Skin: Medial thigh
Muscle: Adductor muscle of thigh
Saphenous
1 of the 4 lumbar spinal nerves
Skin: Medial Leg
Muscle: Does not innervate
Tibial
1 of the 2 sacral spinal nerves
Skin: Posterior leg and sole of foot
Muscle: Knee flexors and ankle plantar flexers.
Common Fibular
1 of the 2 sacral spinal nerves.
Skin: Anterior leg and dorsum of foot.
Muscle: Dorsiflexor of ankle.
