practical endocrinology 1 Flashcards
Who is the editor of this publication?
Peter Igaz
Where is the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine located?
Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
What is the ISBN of this publication?
978-3-030-62010-3
Which organization is the publisher of this book?
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Which organization is the publisher of this book?
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Which organization is the publisher of this book?
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
What are the seven parts of the book?
Diseases of the Pituitary and the Hypothalamus, Diseases of the Thyroid, Diseases of the Parathyroid and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Diseases of the Adrenal, Diseases of the Gonads, Neuroendocrine Tumors and Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes, and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes.
Describe Prolactinoma.
Prolactinoma is a disease of the pituitary gland characterized by the excessive production of the hormone prolactin, leading to symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, infertility, and milk production in non-pregnant individuals.
Describe Prolactinoma.
Prolactinoma is a disease of the pituitary gland characterized by the excessive production of the hormone prolactin, leading to symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, infertility, and milk production in non-pregnant individuals.
Describe Prolactinoma.
Prolactinoma is a disease of the pituitary gland characterized by the excessive production of the hormone prolactin, leading to symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, infertility, and milk production in non-pregnant individuals.
What is Acromegaly?
Acromegaly is a disorder caused by the overproduction of growth hormone in adults, resulting in the enlargement of bones and tissues, particularly in the hands, feet, and face.
Define Cushing’s Disease.
Cushing’s Disease is a condition caused by the excessive production of cortisol hormone by the adrenal glands, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and thinning of the skin.
Describe Non-functioning Pituitary Adenoma.
Non-functioning Pituitary Adenoma refers to a type of pituitary tumor that does not produce excess hormones, often causing symptoms due to its size and compression of surrounding structures.
What is Craniopharyngioma?
Craniopharyngioma is a rare type of brain tumor that develops near the pituitary gland and can cause various symptoms depending on its size and location, including vision problems and hormonal imbalances.
Describe the difference between hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, resulting in low levels of thyroid hormones. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.
What is Graves’ disease and how does it relate to hyperthyroidism?
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes overactivity of the thyroid gland, resulting in hyperthyroidism. It is characterized by the production of autoantibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones.
Define thyroid storm.
Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition characterized by a sudden and severe exacerbation of symptoms in individuals with hyperthyroidism. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment to prevent organ failure and death.
Describe endocrine orbitopathy.
Endocrine orbitopathy, also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune condition associated with Graves’ disease. It causes inflammation and swelling of the tissues around the eyes, leading to symptoms such as bulging eyes, double vision, and eye pain.
What are the common characteristics of differentiated thyroid cancer?
Differentiated thyroid cancer refers to a group of cancers that arise from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It is typically slow-growing and has a high cure rate. The common types include papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.
Describe hypoparathyroidism.
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, leading to low levels of calcium in the blood and high levels of phosphate. Symptoms may include muscle cramps, tingling or numbness in the extremities, and seizures.
Describe hypoparathyroidism.
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, leading to low levels of calcium in the blood and high levels of phosphate. Symptoms may include muscle cramps, tingling or numbness in the extremities, and seizures.
Describe hypoparathyroidism.
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, leading to low levels of calcium in the blood and high levels of phosphate. Symptoms may include muscle cramps, tingling or numbness in the extremities, and seizures.
Define osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone density and quality, making the bones more fragile and prone to fractures. It is often associated with aging and hormonal changes, particularly in postmenopausal women.
What is adrenal incidentaloma?
Adrenal incidentaloma refers to the incidental discovery of a tumor in the adrenal gland during imaging tests performed for unrelated reasons. These tumors are usually non-functioning and benign, but further evaluation is necessary to rule out malignancy or hormone overproduction.
Describe primary aldosteronism.
Primary aldosteronism, also known as Conn’s syndrome, is a hormonal disorder characterized by the overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands. This leads to excessive retention of sodium and loss of potassium, resulting in high blood pressure and electrolyte imbalances.
How does Addison’s disease relate to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2?
Addison’s disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of the adrenal cortex, leading to insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone. It is often associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2, which involves the coexistence of multiple autoimmune endocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and type 1 diabetes.
Describe glucocorticoid resistance.
Glucocorticoid resistance refers to a condition where the body becomes less responsive to the effects of glucocorticoid hormones, leading to reduced effectiveness of these hormones in regulating various physiological processes.
What is pheochromocytoma?
Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that develops in the adrenal glands, causing them to produce excessive amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline. This can result in symptoms such as high blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, and excessive sweating.
Define malignant paraganglioma.
Malignant paraganglioma is a type of tumor that arises from the paraganglia, which are clusters of cells found in various parts of the body. Unlike benign paragangliomas, malignant paragangliomas have the ability to spread to other parts of the body and can be life-threatening.
Describe polycystic ovary syndrome.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts in the ovaries, irregular menstrual cycles, and symptoms such as excessive hair growth, acne, and weight gain.
What is Turner syndrome?
Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects females, typically resulting in short stature and infertility. It is caused by the complete or partial absence of one of the X chromosomes, leading to various physical and developmental abnormalities.
Describe factitious hypoglycemia.
Factitious hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by intentionally low blood sugar levels caused by self-administered insulin or other medications.
What is gastrinoma?
Gastrinoma is a tumor that develops in the pancreas or duodenum and produces excessive amounts of gastrin, leading to increased stomach acid production.
Define humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.
Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is a condition in which cancer cells produce substances that increase calcium levels in the blood, leading to symptoms like fatigue, nausea, and bone pain.
Describe multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of tumors in multiple endocrine glands, such as the parathyroid, pancreas, and pituitary gland.
Describe multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of tumors in multiple endocrine glands, such as the parathyroid, pancreas, and pituitary gland.
What is Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome?
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is an inherited disorder that causes the growth of tumors in various parts of the body, including the brain, spinal cord, kidneys, and adrenal glands.
Describe the role of Frédérique Albarel, MD in the medical field.
Frédérique Albarel, MD is a medical professional affiliated with Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG) in Marseille, France.
What is the specialty of Arie Ariche, MD?
Arie Ariche, MD specializes in surgery and is associated with Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem, Israel.
Define the field of study of Irina Bancos, MD.
Irina Bancos, MD is involved in the field of endocrinology, diabetes, metabolism, and nutrition. She works at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, USA.
Describe the research interests of Miklós Bodor, MD, PhD.
Miklós Bodor, MD, PhD is interested in clinical pharmacology and endocrinology. He is affiliated with the University of Debrecen in Debrecen, Hungary.
Describe the research interests of Miklós Bodor, MD, PhD.
Miklós Bodor, MD, PhD is interested in clinical pharmacology and endocrinology. He is affiliated with the University of Debrecen in Debrecen, Hungary.
What is the role of Jean-Francois Bonneville, MD, PhD?
Jean-Francois Bonneville, MD, PhD is a visiting professor at CHU de Liège in Fontain, France.
Describe the work of Irene Campi, MD, PhD.
Irene Campi, MD, PhD is involved in the study of endocrine and metabolic diseases. She works at San Luca Hospital in Milan, Italy.
What is the affiliation of Letizia Canu, MD, PhD?
Letizia Canu, MD, PhD is affiliated with the University of Florence in Florence, Italy.
