ada4 Flashcards
What are α-Glucosidase inhibitors used for?
They improve glycemic control by reducing postprandial glycemic excursions and glycemic variability.
Which glucose-lowering medications are not commonly used in the U.S. and Europe?
Meglitinides, colesevelam, quick-release bromocriptine, and pramlintide.
What were the greatest reductions in HbA1c seen with in a network meta-analysis?
Insulin regimens and GLP-1 RA.
Which glucose-lowering therapy is associated with the greatest reduction in body weight?
Subcutaneous semaglutide.
Which glucose-lowering therapy is associated with the greatest reduction in blood pressure?
SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA classes.
Which glucose-lowering therapy is associated with the greatest reduction in blood pressure?
SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA classes.
How does combination therapy benefit diabetes care?
It increases durability of the glycemic effect, targets multiple pathophysiological processes, reduces medication burden, and provides complementary clinical benefits.
What was the primary outcome of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes study?
Time to metabolic failure, defined as an HbA1c level ≥53 mmol/mol (≥7%).
What was the primary outcome of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes study?
Time to metabolic failure, defined as an HbA1c level ≥53 mmol/mol (≥7%).
What was the primary outcome of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes study?
Time to metabolic failure, defined as an HbA1c level ≥53 mmol/mol (≥7%).
Which medications were more effective at achieving and maintaining HbA1c targets in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes study?
Insulin glargine and liraglutide.
Which glucose-lowering therapy is prioritized in people with established cardiovascular disease?
GLP-1 RA.
Which glucose-lowering therapy is prioritized in people with heart failure or chronic kidney disease?
SGLT2i.
What factors should be considered when choosing glucose-lowering therapy for people with cardiorenal comorbidities?
Presence of cardiovascular disease, use of background therapy with metformin, stage of CKD, history of heart failure, and age.
What does ACEi stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
What does ASCVD stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
What does CKD stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Chronic kidney disease.
What does CVOT stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Cardiovascular outcomes trial.
What does DPP-4i stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.
What does GLP-1 RA stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist.
What does HF stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Heart failure.
What does MACE stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Major adverse cardiovascular events.
What does SGLT2i stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor.
What does SGLT2i stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor.
What does T2D stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Type 2 diabetes.
What does TZD stand for in the context of glucose-lowering medication management?
Thiazolidinedione.
Describe the benefits of α-Glucosidase inhibitors.
They improve glycemic control by reducing postprandial glycemic excursions and glycemic variability.
Describe the benefits of combination therapy in diabetes care.
Combination therapy increases durability of the glycemic effect, targets multiple pathophysiological processes, reduces medication burden, and provides complementary clinical benefits.
Describe the primary outcome of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes study.
The primary outcome was time to metabolic failure, defined as an HbA1c level ≥53 mmol/mol (≥7%).
Describe the prioritization of glucose-lowering therapy in people with cardiorenal comorbidities.
GLP-1 RA is prioritized in people with established cardiovascular disease, while SGLT2i is prioritized in people with heart failure or chronic kidney disease.
Define ACEi in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
ACEi stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
Define ASCVD in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
ASCVD stands for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Define CKD in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
CKD stands for chronic kidney disease.
Define CVOT in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
CVOT stands for cardiovascular outcomes trial.
Define DPP-4i in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
DPP-4i stands for dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.
Define GLP-1 RA in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
GLP-1 RA stands for glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist.
Define HF in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
HF stands for heart failure.
Define MACE in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
MACE stands for major adverse cardiovascular events.
Define SGLT2i in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
SGLT2i stands for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor.
Define T2D in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
T2D stands for type 2 diabetes.
Define TZD in the context of glucose-lowering medication management.
TZD stands for thiazolidinedione.
