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Biology > Practical 2 > Flashcards

Practical 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
A

Foliose Lichen

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2
Q
A

Crustose Lichen

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3
Q
A

Fruticose Lichen

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4
Q
A

Penicillium spp

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5
Q
A

Rhizopus spp

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6
Q
A

hypha

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7
Q
A

mycelium (network of hyphae)

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8
Q
A

mycorrhizae on plant roots

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9
Q

general traits that characterize members of Kingdom Animalia

A
  • Chemoheterotroph
  • multicellular eukaryotes
  • tissues that develop from embryonic layers
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10
Q

Major Fungal Groups

A
  • Zoopagomycota
  • Chytridiomycota
  • Murcoromycota
  • Ascomycota
  • Basidiomycota
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11
Q

Cryptomycota

A
  • Parasitic
  • Flagellated spores
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12
Q

Microsporidia

A
  • parasitic
  • harpoons
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13
Q

Chytridiomycota

A
  • Flagellated Spores
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14
Q

Murcuromycota

A
  • Include mycorrhizae that form symbiotic relationship with plants
  • Black bread mold
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15
Q

Ascomycota

A
  • has sexual spores held in asci (sac)
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16
Q

Zoopagomycota

A
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17
Q

Basidiomycota

A
  • fruiting body (basidiocarp)
  • sexual spores
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18
Q

What were some disadvantages for moving up to land?

A

Maintaining Moisture
Supporting their body
Obtaining resources

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19
Q

Adaptation: How do plants maintain moisture?

A

land plants have a waxy cuticle and cells that open and close the stomata
bring carbon in and letting waste and water out

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20
Q

Adaptation: How do plants support their body?

A

lignin helps plants support their body against the pull of gravity

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21
Q

Adaptation: How do plants obtain resources

A

on land, plants obtain water and minerals from roots in the soil
CO2 from the air and sunlight through leaves in the air

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22
Q

Sporophyte is the only ____ lifestage

A

Diploid

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23
Q

sepals

A

green bottom leaves that enclose the flower before it blooms (not gender specific)

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24
Q

petals

A

bright colored leaves that attract animal pollinators (not gender specific)

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25
Q

stamens consists of…

A

Filament & Anther (Male parts)

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26
Q

filament

A

holds up anther

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27
Q

anther

A

Where pollen is made

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28
Q

carpels consists of…

A

stigma, style, & ovary (female parts)

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29
Q

stigma

A

sticky for pollination

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30
Q

style

A

where sperm travels down

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31
Q

ovary

A

where fertilization occurs

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32
Q

Seed dispersal Mechanisms

A

natural elements (water/wind)
hitching ride on animals
ingestion

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33
Q

Fruits

A

ripened ovaries of flowers
adaptations that protect and disperse seeds

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34
Q

Are gametophytes haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

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35
Q

Gametes: haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

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36
Q

Are sporophytes haploid or diploid?

A

Diploid

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37
Q

Spores: haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

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38
Q

What is the dominant life stage for nonvasular plants

A

Gametophyte

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39
Q

What is the dominant life stage for seedless vascular plants, angiosperms, and gymnosperms?

A

Sporophyte

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40
Q

What are Similarities between plants and Charophytes

A

share same ancestor
multicell organisms
photoautotrophic

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41
Q

What is a difference between plants and charophytes

A

plant cell walls contain cellulose (not in algae)

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42
Q

Monocots (one cotyledon)

A

single leaf
25% of angiosperms
grass-like
orchids, grasses, palm-trees

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43
Q

Dicots (two cotyledon)

A

two baby leaves

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44
Q

eudicot (true dicots)

A

new dicots
legume and rose family

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45
Q

How do monocot and eudicot embryos differ?

A

Monocot has one cotyledon
eudicot embryos have two cotyledons

46
Q

How do monocot and eudicot leaves differ?

A

Monocot leaf veins are parallel
Eudicot leaf veins are netlike

47
Q

How do monocot and eudicot stems differ?

A

Monocot tissue is scattered
Eudicot tissue is arranged in a ring

48
Q

How do monocot and eudicot roots differ?

A

Monocot roots are fibrous (no main root)
Eudicots have taproot (main root usually present)

49
Q

How do monocot and eudicot pollen differ?

A

Monocot pollen grains have one opening
Eudicot pollen grains have three openings

50
Q

How do monocot and eudicot flowers differ?

A

Monocot flower organs come in multiples of 3
Eudicot floral organs come in multiples of 4/5

51
Q

What is the closest living land relative to plants?

A

Green Algae/Charophytes?

52
Q

Mitosis

A

cells make exact copies of themselves

53
Q

Meiosis

A

ploidy will divide in half

54
Q
A

Hepatophyta (liverwort)

55
Q
A

Anthocerotophyta (hornwort)

56
Q
A

Bryophyta (moss)

57
Q
A

Lycophyta

58
Q
A

Sphenophyta (horsetail)

59
Q
A

Pterophyta ( fern )

60
Q

Species richness

A

The number of species in a biological community.

61
Q

relative abundance

A

The proportional abundance of different species in a community.

62
Q

3 components of biodiversity

A

genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity

62
Q

3 components of biodiversity

A

genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity

63
Q

herbivory

A

+: herbivore eats part of plant
-: Plant gets harm but doesn’t die/takes energy to regrow

64
Q

Mutualism

A

++: both species benefit

65
Q

Commensalism

A

+/0: one benefits the other is not harmed; wildflowers, trees

66
Q

Parasitism

A

+/-: one benefits the other is harmed or killed; tapeworms

67
Q

predation

A

+/-: one organism is killed (prey) the other eats the organism (predator)

68
Q

Lophotrochozoan Phyla

A

Platyhelminthes
Rotiferia
Mollusca
Annelida

69
Q

Ecdysozoan phyla

A

Nematoda
Arthropoda

70
Q

Deuterostome phyla

A

Echinodermata
Chordata

71
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Turbellaria
Cestoda
Trematoda

72
Q

Phylum Mollusca

A

Polyplacophora
Gastropoda
Cephalopoda
Bivalvia

73
Q

Annelida

A

polychaeta
Hirudinea
Oligochaeta

74
Q

Arthropoda Subphylum

A

Chelicerata
Myriapoda
Crustacea
Hexapoda

75
Q

Chordata Subphylum

A

Urochordata
Cephalochordata

76
Q

Chordata Classes

A

Myxini
Petrozontida
Chondrichtheys
Ostiechthyes
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia

77
Q

Phylum Ctenophora

A

comb jellies

78
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

flatworms/all bilateral after this

79
Q

Turbellaria

A

free living carnivores
flatworm

80
Q

cestoda

A

tapeworms

81
Q

trematoda

A

flukes

82
Q

First phylum with a complete gut

A

rotifera

83
Q

Mollusca

A

visceral mass: contains the guts of mollusca

84
Q

Polyplacophora

A

many plates (marine)

85
Q

Gastropoda

A

snails and slugs only terrestrial mollusc

86
Q

Cephalopoda

A

squids and octopi

87
Q

bivalvia

A

clams and stuff

88
Q

Annelida what spearates them

A

segmentation

89
Q

polychaeta

A

marine annelids

90
Q

hirudinea

A

leeches

91
Q

oligochaeta

A

earthworms

92
Q

exdysozoans

A

exoskeleton that shreds (ecdysis)

93
Q

Nematoda what differentiates them

A

round worms

94
Q

Arthropoda

A
  • body made of 3 parts
  • molts
95
Q

chelicerata

A

fangs
horseshoe crab
spiders and stuff

96
Q

Myriapoda

A

Many legged
millipedes and centipedes

97
Q

Crustacea

A
  • crustaceans (almost all aquatic)
    • Isopods (only terrestrial)
    • crab
    • shrimp
    • barnacles
98
Q

Hexapoda

A

6 legs
segmented body
- metamorphosis

99
Q

Echinodermata

A

sea urchins and sea stars

100
Q

Chordata

A
  • dorsal hollow nerve cord (along the back)
  • notochord
  • pharyngeal slits
  • post anal tail (muscular)
101
Q
  • Urochordata
A
  • tunicates
    • looks like cordate when they are larva
102
Q
  • cephalochordate
A
  • lancelets
    • embedded in marine sand
103
Q

Myxini

A
  • cartilaginous skull
  • marine
104
Q

Petrozontida

A

Lancelets
feed by clamping their mouth on live fish

105
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

Sharks and Rays
Oily liver

106
Q

Amphibia

A
  • larva aquatic
  • terrestrial adult
  • frogs, salamanders
107
Q

Ostiechthyes

A
  • skeleton reinforced with calcium phosphate
  • bony fishes and tetrapods
108
Q

Reptilia

A

ectothermic except for birds

109
Q

Mammalia

A
  • mammary glands
  • hair/fur
  • high metabolic rate (endothermy)
  • larger brain
  • differentiated teeth

Biology (7 decks)

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