PR2 Flashcards
is defined as a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.
quantitative research
collects information from existing and potential customers using sampling technique and surveys, online polls, questionnaires, etc., the results of which can be depicted in the form of numerical.
quantitative research
steps in doing qualitative research
- Observing and explaining something that happens
- Collecting information
- analyzing information
kinds of quantitative research
Survey Research
Correlational Research
Causal-comparative Research
Experimental Research
It encompasses any measurement procedures that involve asking questions of respondents.
Survey research is often used to collect thoughts, opinions, and feelings of people. The surveyed data is then organized, analysed and interpreted.
The most common tools used in survey research are interviews, questionnaires, and sampling polls to get a sense of behaviour with intense precision.
survey research
tests for the relationships between two or more variables.
correlational research
the tendency for corresponding observations in two or more series to vary together with the averages of their respective series, that is to have similar relative positions.
correlational research
only two variables are being compared here. The Independent variable and Dependent variable
Bivariate correlation
this method is used to determine the correlation between linear combination of two sets of variables
canonical
causal comparative is also known as
quasi experimental
is used by researchers to conclude cause-effect equation between two or more variables, where one variable is dependent on the other independent variable.
causal comparative
Three types of Causal-Comparative Research
Exploration of effects
Exploration of causes
Exploration of consequences
aused by membership in a given group
Exploration of effects
of group membership
Exploration of causes
of an intervention
Exploration of consequences
is a systematic and scientific approach to research in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables, and controls and measures any change in other variables.
experimental research
This determines whether the independent variable made a difference in the study. Can a cause and effect relationship be observed? To achieve internal validity, the researcher must design and conduct the study so that the independent variable can be the cause of the results.
internal validity
refers to the extent to which findings can be generalized or be considered representative of the population
external validity
value of quantitative research
- More reliable and objective.
- Can use statistics to generalize a finding.
- Often reduces and restructures a complex problem to a limited number of variables.
- Looks at relationships between variables and can establish cause-and-effect in highly controlled circumstances.
- Tests theories or hypotheses.
- Assumes sample is representative of the population.
- Subjectivity of researcher in methodology is recognized less.
- Less detailed than qualitative data and may miss a desired response from the participant.
Anything that can vary in research
variable
is an object, event, idea, feeling, time period, or any other type of category you are trying to measure
variable
types of Variable
Cause and Effect
Value taken by the Variable
Scales of Measurement
A variable is either a result of some force or is itself the force that causes a change in another variable. In experiments, these are called independent variable (IV), dependent variable(DV) and extraneous variable (EV)
cause and effect
A continuous variable can take on any value in a certain range. Time, distance, mass, age, temperature and pH are continuous variables.
value taken by the variable
value separate a variable from other by naming it. This servers to identify the group.
Do not imply any ordering among the responses. It does not matter which comes first
nominal
or ranking refers to order of sequence.
ordinal
Equal intervals or distances between adjacent numbers
interval
Differences between measurements
ratio
There are 8 possible AOI that is ready to be explored.
mathematics
natural sciences
human sciences
history
the arts
ethics
religious knowledge systems
indigenous knowledge systems
