IPHP2

Question 1

refers to the state of
existence of things
independent to human
consciousness. In broadest
sense, reality includes physical
things that we see, feel, taste,
and smell, as well as things
that we cannot easily perceive
and comprehend

Answer 1

reality

Question 2

is a tool
that enables us to make sense
of the world in terms of ideas.
The developing mind begins to
construct an abstract world of
general concepts that
represent reality in a new way

Answer 2

abstract reality

Question 3

Concrete,
in philosophy, such entities as
persons, physical objects, and
events (or the terms or names
that denote such things), as
contrasted with such
abstractions as numbers,
classes, states, qualities, and
relations

Answer 3

concrete reality

Question 4

branch of
metaphysics that focuses on
the classification of existing
things.

Answer 4

ontology

Question 5

branch of
Philosophy which addresses
questions regarding reality

Answer 5

metaphysics

Question 6

efers to perfect
knowledge that is free from
error or doubt.

Answer 6

certainty

Question 7

is the property of
being in accord with fact or
reality.

Answer 7

truth

Question 8

s a theory on
knowledge which believes that
knowledge is
a priori
knowledge or based on pure
reasoning without the benefit
of any experience

Answer 8

rationalism

Question 9

is another theory
which considers knowledge to be
a
posteriori knowledge or knowledge
gained from experience

Answer 9

empiricism

Question 10

questions the
certainty of established doctrines or
truths and believes that the mind has
limits in perceiving and understanding
reality – thus, all knowledge is
uncertain.

Answer 10

skepticism

Question 11

a thing’s
purpose is often considered its
final form

Answer 11

ultimate cause

Question 12

is the capacity of
man to govern or control his
actions

Answer 12

agency

Question 13

he ability to
choose among possible
actions

Answer 13

free will

Question 14

an important aspect
of any discussion on agency
and free will.

Answer 14

choice

Question 15

shows that
each event is determined or
influenced by a specific set of
events or factors

Answer 15

determinism

Question 16

refers to a
predetermined course of events
leading to a specific outcome or
future

Answer 16

destiny

Question 17

branch of Philosophy
that studies causality

Answer 17

etiology

Question 18

is the branch which
deals with the question of
purpose

Answer 18

teleology

Question 19

hilosophers
employ a skeptical attitude in
looking at ideas, events, or things.
Each aspect of the topic in question
is analyzed to determine its validity
or truthfulness

Answer 19

systematic doubt

Question 20

Philosophers engage in
discussion and debate on their
ideas. Various perspectives on a
topic are taken into consideration
and examined.

Answer 20

argument

Question 21

aried and differing
ideas and perspectives are
analyzed and from the information
gathered, new ideas and views are
formulated

Answer 21

dialectic

Question 22

It is a method of analyzing a topic by
formulating a series of questions designed to analyze its
various aspects and examine and clarify a person’s views on it.

Answer 22

socratic method

Question 23

These refer to assumption which are taken for
granted in a philosophical discussion.

Answer 23

axioms

Question 24

It is a problem-solving device used in
analyzing possible explanations regarding a phenomenon

Answer 24

occam’s razor

Question 25

It is a systematic analysis of the validity of
arguments and statements. Logic often entails the use of
syllogisms or logical arguments presented as a series of
related statements.

Answer 25

formal logic

Question 26

these are imagined
scenarios used to illustrate a certain problem or describe a
theory.

Answer 26

thought experiment and allegory