IPHP2 Flashcards
refers to the state of
existence of things
independent to human
consciousness. In broadest
sense, reality includes physical
things that we see, feel, taste,
and smell, as well as things
that we cannot easily perceive
and comprehend
reality
is a tool
that enables us to make sense
of the world in terms of ideas.
The developing mind begins to
construct an abstract world of
general concepts that
represent reality in a new way
abstract reality
Concrete,
in philosophy, such entities as
persons, physical objects, and
events (or the terms or names
that denote such things), as
contrasted with such
abstractions as numbers,
classes, states, qualities, and
relations
concrete reality
branch of
metaphysics that focuses on
the classification of existing
things.
ontology
branch of
Philosophy which addresses
questions regarding reality
metaphysics
efers to perfect
knowledge that is free from
error or doubt.
certainty
is the property of
being in accord with fact or
reality.
truth
s a theory on
knowledge which believes that
knowledge is
a priori
knowledge or based on pure
reasoning without the benefit
of any experience
rationalism
is another theory
which considers knowledge to be
a
posteriori knowledge or knowledge
gained from experience
empiricism
questions the
certainty of established doctrines or
truths and believes that the mind has
limits in perceiving and understanding
reality – thus, all knowledge is
uncertain.
skepticism
a thing’s
purpose is often considered its
final form
ultimate cause
is the capacity of
man to govern or control his
actions
agency
he ability to
choose among possible
actions
free will
an important aspect
of any discussion on agency
and free will.
choice
shows that
each event is determined or
influenced by a specific set of
events or factors
determinism
refers to a
predetermined course of events
leading to a specific outcome or
future
destiny
branch of Philosophy
that studies causality
etiology
is the branch which
deals with the question of
purpose
teleology
hilosophers
employ a skeptical attitude in
looking at ideas, events, or things.
Each aspect of the topic in question
is analyzed to determine its validity
or truthfulness
systematic doubt
Philosophers engage in
discussion and debate on their
ideas. Various perspectives on a
topic are taken into consideration
and examined.
argument
aried and differing
ideas and perspectives are
analyzed and from the information
gathered, new ideas and views are
formulated
dialectic
It is a method of analyzing a topic by
formulating a series of questions designed to analyze its
various aspects and examine and clarify a person’s views on it.
socratic method
These refer to assumption which are taken for
granted in a philosophical discussion.
axioms
It is a problem-solving device used in
analyzing possible explanations regarding a phenomenon
occam’s razor
It is a systematic analysis of the validity of
arguments and statements. Logic often entails the use of
syllogisms or logical arguments presented as a series of
related statements.
formal logic
these are imagined
scenarios used to illustrate a certain problem or describe a
theory.
thought experiment and allegory
