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MYCOLOGY VIROLOGY > PPT VIRUS PART I > Flashcards

PPT VIRUS PART I Flashcards

1
Q

All (-) RNA viruses are

A

Enveloped

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2
Q

RA viruses, except for (+) RNA genome, must carry
.

A

polymerases

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3
Q

determine how viral messenger RNA

A

Genome structure and polarity

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4
Q

determines the mechanism of transcription and replication.

A

Genome structure

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5
Q

Most RNA viruses replicate in the

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

+ RNA (Naked)

A

Picornaviridae
Caliciviridae
Hepeviridae
Astro

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7
Q

+RNA (E)

A

Toga
Flavi
Corona

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8
Q
  • RNA
A

Rhabdo
Filo
Orthomyxo
Paramyxi
Bunya
Arena

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9
Q

(+/-RNA)

A

Reo (double capsid)

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10
Q

(+RNA via DNA)

A

RETRO (Enveloped)

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11
Q

Picornavirus virus

A

Poliovirus

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12
Q

replicates in motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord causing paralysis

A

Poliovirus pathogenesis

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13
Q

Poliovirus spectrum of disease

A

Poliomyelitis and Meningitis

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14
Q

Poliovirus diagnosis

A

Cowdry type B and intranuclear inclusion

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15
Q

Poliovirus prevention

A

Salk (IPV ; killed virus) and Sabin vaccination (OPV; live attenuated virus)

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16
Q

Coxsackie A virus

A

Herpangina, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, HFMD, and aseptic meningitis

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17
Q

Coxsackie B virus spectrum of disease

A

Pleurodynia, severe generalized disease of infants, pericarditis and myocarditis, and aseptic meningitis

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18
Q

ECHO virus means

A

Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan

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19
Q

Spectrum of disease ECHO

A
  • aseptic meningitis,
  • URTI,
  • febrile illness (with or without rash),
  • infantile diarrhea and
  • hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
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20
Q

Rhinovirus pathogenesis

A

replicate better at 33°C than at 37°C -> affect primarily the nose and conjunctiva rather than the lower respiratory tract (acid-labile killed by gastric acid)

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21
Q

Rhinovirus spectrum of disease

A

Common cold

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22
Q

Hepatitis A virus also known as

A

Enterovirus 72

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23
Q

Hepatitis A pathogenesis

A

replicates in the GI tract and then spreads to the liver during a brief viremic period.

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24
Q

Hepatitis A Spectrum of disease

A

HEPATITIS A INFECTION
self-limited hepatitis, short incubation hepatitis and anicteric hepatitis

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25
Q

Hepatitis A diagnosis

A

anti-HAV IgM (most useful)

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26
Q

Hepatitis A treatment and prevention

A

administration of immune globulin during IP and vaccination (killed virus)

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27
Q

Herpeviridae virus

A

Hepatitis E virus

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28
Q

Hepatitis E diagnosis

A

patchy necrosis (liver biopsy)

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29
Q

Hepatitis E 3 E

A

Expectant mother
Enteric
Epidemic

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30
Q

CALICIVIRIDAE virus

A

Norwalk virus (Norovirus)

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31
Q

Norwalk virus (Norovirus) spectrum of disease

A

Viral gastroenteritis adults non bacterial

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32
Q

Reoviridae virus

A

Rotavirus

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33
Q

Rotavirus pathogenesis

A

Villous destruction with atrophy

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34
Q

Rotavirus Spectrum of disease

A

Viral gastroenteritis common in childhood

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35
Q

childhood: ”white stool diarrhea”)

A

Rotavirus

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36
Q

Astrovirus transmission

A

Fecal oral route and water

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37
Q

ENVELOPED RNA VIRUSES (NEGATIVE SENSE)

A

Orthomyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Filoviridae

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38
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

A

Influenza Virus (A , B and C)

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39
Q

Influenza virus major antigens

A

Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase

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40
Q

Bind to cell surface receptor

A

Hemagglutinin

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41
Q

Release progeny virus

A

Neuraminidase

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42
Q

Worldwide epidemic of influenza virus

A

Influenza A

43
Q

How many distinct types of Hemagglutinin in Influenza A

A

16 antigenically

44
Q

How many distinct types of Neuraminidasein Influenza A

A

9 antigenically

45
Q

Major outbreaks of influenza and does not lead to pandemic

A

Influenza B

46
Q

Mild respiratory tract infection and does not cause outbreak of influenza

A

Influenza C

47
Q

Angtigenic shift or

48
Q

Antigenic Drift or

49
Q

Mojor changes based on the reassortment of segments of the genome RNA

A

Antigenic Shift

50
Q

Minor changes based on MUTATIONS in the genome RNA

A

Antigenic Drift

51
Q

Sudden change in the molecular structure of a microorganism, new strain, little or no acquired immunity to these Novel Strains. New epidemics or pandemic

A

Antigenic Shift

52
Q

Slow and progressive change in the composition of microorganism that leads to altered immunological responses and susceptibility

A

Antigenic Drift

53
Q

Infuenza virus spectrum of disease

A

Influenza or Flu

54
Q

Incubation period of influenza

A

24-48 hours

55
Q

Inflenca virus complications

A

fatal bacterial superinfection (S. aureus and
S. pneumoniae)
Reye’s syndrome

56
Q

Influenza virus Treatment and Prevention:

A
  • Oseltamivir (DOC) and Zanamivir
  • Amantadine and Rimantadine Vaccine (both influenza A & B)
57
Q

Paramyxoviridae virus

A

Measles Virus
Mumps virus
Respiratory Syncytial virus
Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2

58
Q

Also known as first disease

A

Red measles, rubeola

59
Q

Pathogenesis of measles

A

Measles virus infects the cells lining the URT➡️enters
the blood ➡️infects reticuloendothelial cells ➡️spreads via the blood to the skin ➡️cvtotoxic I-cells attack the measles virus-infectedvascular endothelial cells in the skin➡️ rash virus can no longer be
recovered ➡️patient can no longer spread virus to other

60
Q

Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae) disease

61
Q

Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae) features

A

Koplik spots

62
Q

Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae) Complications

A

otitis media, giant cell pneumonia, SSPE, bronchiolitis oblierans

63
Q

Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae) diagnosis

A

Multinucleated giant cells (Warthin- Finkelday bodies)

64
Q

Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae) cardinal signs

A

3Cs: cough, coryza and conjunctivitis (+ fever), and Koplik spots

65
Q

Mumps virus

66
Q

Mumps virus Pathogenesis and disease

A

Parotitis
Orchitis
Asceptic meningitis
Pancreatitis

67
Q

Mumps virus prevention

A

MMR Vaccine

68
Q

Viral pneumonia in infants

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

69
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis or croup
(“Steeple sign” on X-ray)

A

Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2

70
Q

Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2 treatment

A

Racemic epinephrine

71
Q

Hemagglutinin +
Neuraminidase -
Fusion Proteins+

72
Q

Hemagglutinin +
Neuraminidase +
Fusion Proteins+

73
Q

Hemagglutinin -
Neuraminidase -
Fusion Proteins+

74
Q

Hemagglutinin +
Neuraminidase +
Fusion Proteins+

A

Parainfluenza

75
Q

Rhabdoviridae virus

A

Rabies virus

76
Q

bullet-shaped enveloped helical non- segmented (-ssRNA)

A

Rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae)

77
Q

Rabies virus transmission

A

animal (dogs, cat, skunks, racoons and bat) – via animal bite (retrograde transport)

78
Q

1st rabies syndrome

A

Pain / itchiness / paesthesia (numbness)

79
Q

Rabies virus incubation period

A

2 weeks to 6 years

80
Q

Rabies acute neurologic period

A

Encephalitic/Furious Rabiel
Paralytic/Dumb Rabies

81
Q

Rabies Virus Phobic spasms:

A

hydrophobia, aerophobia

82
Q

Encephalitic/furious rabies

A

Phobic spasms
Fluctuationg consciousness
Autonomic instability

83
Q

Paralytic /Dumb Rabies

A

Percussion myoedema

84
Q

Occurs secondary to respiratory center dysfunction

85
Q

Has the highest case fatality ratio pf any infectious disease

86
Q

Diagnosis of rabies virus

A

Negri bodies and immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT)

87
Q

Rabies treatment pre exposire

A

Vaccine (PVRV or PDEV or PCEV – D0, D7, and D21/28)

88
Q

Rabies virus Post-exposure

A

Vaccine +/- Immunoglobulin

89
Q

Filoviridae virus

A

Ebola virus

90
Q

targets endothelial cells, phagocytes, hepatocytes

A

Ebola virus

91
Q

Enveloped RNA Viruses (positive sense)

A

Coronaviridaw
Flaviviridae
Togaviridae

92
Q

enveloped helical non-segmented, (+ ssRNA), w/ prominent club- shaped spikes form a “corona”

A

Corona virus

93
Q

Corona virus reservoir

A

Horseshoe bat

94
Q

Corona virus immediate host

95
Q

Spectrum of disease coronavirus

A
  1. Common colds (2nd to rhinovirus)
  2. SARS
  3. MERS-COV
  4. COVID-19
96
Q

Hepatitis C virus transmission

A

(major) blood-borne, IV drug users; (minor) NSI, during birth and sexual

97
Q

Replication of HCV in the

98
Q

Replication of HCV in the liver is enhanced by a liver- specific micro-RNA called

99
Q

acts by increasing the synthesis of HCV mRNA.

100
Q

Hep C incubation period

101
Q

HCV infection also leads to significant

A

autoimmune reactions and extrahepatic manifestations, including:
o Thyroiditis
o Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
O ITP
O MPGN
O DM
o leukocytoclastic vasculitis
o ^ risk of B-cell NHL
o lichen planus
o porphyria cutanea tarda

102
Q

HCV DIAGNOSIS

A

anti-HCV antibodies, recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and PCR (HCV-RNA)

103
Q

Hcv Treatment and Prevention:

A
  1. Acute hepatitis C: Peginterferon alfa
  2. Chronic hepatitis C: combination of Peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin if genotype 1, add: protease inhibitor (boceprevir, simeprevir)
104
Q

Togaviridae virus

A

Rubella virus

MYCOLOGY VIROLOGY (12 decks)

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