HARR Flashcards
Classification of viruses is made by:
Nucleic acid composition
Which virus is the most common etiological agent of viral respiratory diseases in infants and children?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) B virus
The most common viral syndrome of pericarditis, myocarditis, and pleurodynia (pain upon breathing) is caused by:
Coxsackie B virus
Which of the following viruses is implicated along with Epstein–Barr virus as a cause of infectious mononucleosis?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
The most common causes of viral pneumonia in adults are:
Influenza and adenovirus
Which virus belonging to the Reoviridae group causes gastroenteritis in infants and young children but an asymptomatic infection in adults?
Rotavirus
A very small, single-stranded DNA virus that causes a febrile illness with a rash and is called the fifth childhood disease after rubeola, rubella, varicella, and roseola is:
Parvovirus B19
Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted by:
A. Acupuncture
B. Tattoos
C. Sexual contact
D. All of these options
D. All of thes options
Which virus has been implicated in adult gastroenteritis resulting from ingestion of contaminated food (especially shellfish) and water?
Norwalk-like viruses
Which virus is associated with venereal and respiratory tract warts and produces lesions of skin and mucous membranes?
Papillomavirus
A clinical test used for the detection and identification of viral infections other than culture is:
A. Hemagglutination
B. Hemadsorption
C. Viral antigen detection
D. All of these options
D. All of these options
Which technique is used for the confirmation of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)?
Western blot
A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of viral encephalitis. History revealed that the boy harbored wild raccoons from nearby woods. What is the best method to determine if the boy has contracted rabies?
A. Remove the brainstems from all of the raccoons and examine for cytopathic effects
B. Request immunofluorescent test for antibody on the saliva from all of the raccoons
C. Request immunofluorescent test for antigen in cutaneous nerves obtained by nuchal biopsy of the patient
D. Isolate the virus from the saliva of both the animals and the patient
Request immunofluorescent test for antigen in cutaneous nerves obtained by nuchal biopsy of the patient
A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with acute respiratory distress, fever, myalgia, and headache. Influenza A or B was suspected after ruling out bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following methods could be used to confirm influenza infection?
A. Influenza virus culture in Madin–Darby canine kidney
B. Hemagglutination-inhibition test for antibodies in the patient’s serum
C. Direct examination of nasal epithelium for virus using fluorescent antibody stain
D. All of these options
D. All of these options
The most rapid definitive diagnosis of a genital herpes simplex (HSV-2) infection in a 20-year-old man is made by which method?
A. Direct immunofluorescence test for viral antigen in vesicle fluid
B. Titer of serum and seminal fluid for antibodies
to herpes simplex
C. Detection of antiherpes simplex in seminal fluid
D. Cell culture of vesicle fluid
Direct immunofluorescence test for viral antigen
in vesicle fluid
A 20-year-old female college student complained of a sore throat and extreme fatigue. The physician noted lymphadenopathy and ordered a rapid test for infectious mononucleosis antibodies that was negative. Bacterial cultures were negative, as were serological tests for influenza A and B, HIV-1, CMV, hepatitis B, and antistreptolysin O. What would be the next line of viral testing to establish a diagnosis?
Epstein-Bar
A 60-year-old male gardener from New York State was hospitalized with flulike symptoms and eventually diagnosed with encephalitis. While working in his garden, he noticed several dead birds around his bird feeder. The region was known to be heavily infested with mosquitoes. What is the most likely cause of his illness?
West Nile
A 30-year-old male patient who was a contractor and building inspector in the southwestern United States complained of difficulty breathing and was admitted to the hospital with severe respiratory disease. The physician noted a high fever and cough. Two days before, the patient had inspected an old warehouse, abandoned and infested with rodents. The patient was given intravenous antibiotics, but 2 days into therapy the pneumonia worsened and he developed pulmonary edema. Which organism should be suspected of causing his illness?
Hantavirus
A 3-year-old female was admitted to the hospital following a 2-day visit with relatives over the Christmas holidays. Vomiting and diarrhea left the child severely dehydrated. No other members of the family were affected. All bacterial cultures proved negative. A stool sample should be tested for which virus?
Rotavirus
A 25-year-old male patient was diagnosed with HIV-1 by enzyme immunoassay, testing positive twice, and the diagnosis was confirmed by Western blot testing. Which laboratory test should be performed prior to initiating antiviral therapy?
A. Quantitative plasma virus concentration (viral load testing)
B. Quantitation of CD4 lymphocytes
C. Phenotype/genotype resistance testing
D. All of these options
D. All of these options
A 6-month-old male infant was hospitalized with a respiratory infection. He was diagnosed with apnea and bronchiolitis. Further testing revealed congenital heart disease. Bacterial cultures were negative for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. What further testing should be done?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
A young male hunter encountered a fox in his path during a walk in the woods. The fox was staggering but appeared nonthreatening. The man tried to avoid contact but was attacked and bitten on the leg. The bite broke the skin but was not deep. Wildlife officials were unable to locate the fox for testing. What procedure should take place next for the hunter?
A. Spinal tap with CSF testing for rabies virus
B. Administration of hyperimmune antirabies
globulin and rabies vaccine
C. Biopsy of the wound site
D. Throat culture and blood culture
Administration of hyperimmune antirabies
globulin and rabies vaccine
A 40-year-old female experienced a respiratory infection after returning home from a visit to her homeland of China. A rapid onset of pneumonia in the lower respiratory area prompted the physician to place her in isolation. She was diagnosed presumptively with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and placed on a respirator. What type of testing should be done next to diagnose this disease?
Molecular technique and cell culture
A pregnant 25-year-old female with genital
lesions delivered a premature newborn with complications. The baby tested negative for bacterial infection (cultures of blood and urine). Antigen testing of the baby’s urine proved negative for group B streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The mother tested negative for bacterial sexually transmitted diseases and for group B streptococci. The baby was treated with acyclovir and failed to survive. What was the most likely cause of death?
Herpes simplex virus
