ppt review

Question 1

functional unit of the kidney, each kidney contains ____ of these

Answer 1

nephron, a million

Question 2

cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the bladder

Answer 2

ureterocele

Question 3

with unilateral renal agenesis, there is ________ that shows _______________

Answer 3

solitary kidney that compensatory hypertrophy

Question 4

most common type of fusion anomaly

Answer 4

horseshoe kidney

Question 5

in horseshoe kidneys, both are ___________ and _______________ are joined

Answer 5

malrotated, lower poles

Question 6

kidney duplication anomaly will vary from _________________ to __________________

Answer 6

simple bifid pelvis to a completely double pelvis, ureter, and ureterovesical orifice

Question 7

Complications can include ______________________ in a condition with kidney duplication

Answer 7

obstruction or reflux and infection

Question 8

simple ureteroceles are typically found in ______; ectopic are found in _____________-

Answer 8

adults, children/infants exclusively

Question 9

posterior urethral valves are found almost exclusively in _________
Cause __________________

Answer 9

males, bladder outlet obstruction

Question 10

posterior urethral valves are best seen on _______

Answer 10

VCUG

Question 11

Nonsuppurative (lack pus formation) inflammatory process of glomeruli with an antigen-antibody reaction

Answer 11

glomerulonephritis

Question 12

Suppurative inflammation of kidney and renal pelvis

Answer 12

pyelonephritis

Question 13

Inflammation of urinary bladder

Answer 13

cystitis

Question 14

these are asymptomatic until the lodge in the ureter and cause extreme pain

Answer 14

urinary calculi

Question 15

Most common unifocal mass of kidney

Answer 15

renal cyst

Question 16

Inherited disorder in which multiple cysts cause lobulated enlargement of kidneys and progressive renal impairment

Answer 16

polycystic kidney disease

Question 17

most common renal neoplasm, hypernephroma

Answer 17

renal carcinoma

Question 18

Most common abdominal neoplasm in infancy or childhood

Answer 18

Wilms’ tumor

Question 19

4th most common cancer in men, most commonly originates in epithelium

Answer 19

carcinoma of the bladder

Question 20

Rapid deterioration in kidney function that results in accumulation of nitrogen containing wastes in blood

Answer 20

acute renal failure

Question 21

two types acute renal failure

Answer 21

pre-renal, post-renal

Question 22

acute renal failure: pre-renal
-_______________ to kidneys
-_______ failure
-___________ obstruction

Answer 22

-decreased blood flow
-cardiac
-Renal artery

Question 23

acute renal failure: post-renal
-______________ obstruction from both kidneys

Answer 23

Urine outflow

Question 24

Inflammation of the stomach mucosa, can be acute or chronic

Answer 24

gastritis

Question 25

Destructive lesion in the mucosal wall, can be caused by H pylori or NAIDs

Answer 25

peptic ulcer disease

Question 26

Regional Enteritis -Crohn’s Disease -_______________________ -“____________" or "___________"

Answer 26

Crohn’s Disease Chronic inflammatory disorder “String sign” or “skip lesions”

Question 27

small bowel obstruction: mechanical cause

Answer 27

Fibrous adhesions (most common cause)

Question 28

small bowel obstruction: functional cause

Answer 28

Ileus or paralytic ileus

Question 29

small bowel obstruction: intussusception cause

Answer 29

Telescoping of portion of bowel Can occur in small or large bowel

Question 30

Twisting of large bowel

Answer 30

volvulus

Question 31

which is more acute: small or large bowel obstruction?

Answer 31

large bowel obstruction is less acute

Question 32

50% of colon cancer is seen in the ____________ region; is it what type of cancer?

Answer 32

sigmoid and rectal carcinoma

Question 33

Stones in the gallbladder

Answer 33

cholelithiasis

Question 34

inflammation of the gallbladder

Answer 34

cholecystitis

Question 35

Calcification of the walls of the gallbladder

Answer 35

porcelain gallbladder

Question 36

________ arise in the connective tissue _________ arise in the epithelial tissue

Answer 36

sarcomas, carcinomas

Question 37

radiographic involvement of ulcerative vs. Crohn colitis

Answer 37

ulcerative = continuous Crohn = patchy

Question 38

anatomical involvement of ulcerative vs. Crohn colitis

Answer 38

ulcerative = rectal Crohn = proximal

Question 39

layers involved ulcerative = _________ Crohn = ________

Answer 39

ulcerative = mucosal layer only Crohn = all layers (mucosal through serosal)

Question 40

hepatitis A is transmitted via

Answer 40

digestive tract (oral or fecal)

Question 41

hepatitis B is transmitted via

Answer 41

blood or sexual contact

Question 42

hepatitis C is transmitted via

Answer 42

blood transfusion or sexual contact

Question 43

hepatitis E is transmitted via

Answer 43

food or water contaminated with fecal matter

Question 44

90% of patients with hepatitis (B/C) recover without incident

Answer 44

B

Question 45

do vaccines exist for each of the following types of hepatitis? A B C

Answer 45

A = yes B = yes C = no

Question 46

Fluid filled capsule composed of fibrous or granular tissue in the pancreas, must be present for __ weeks

Answer 46

pseudocyst, 4

Question 47

60% of pancreatic adenocarcinoma malignancies occur in the ________ of the pancreas

Answer 47

head

Question 48

:webbed” digits

Answer 48

Syndactyly

Question 49

extra digits

Answer 49

Polydactyly

Question 50

Talipes Equinovarus

Answer 50

clubfoot

Question 51

Born with foot pointing down and twisted inwards at the ankle

Answer 51

Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus)

Question 52

Indeterminate characteristics and features of vertebrae from adjacent vertebral segments

Answer 52

transitional vertebrae

Question 53

Two types of bone _________(outer layer) __________________ (___, inner layer)

Answer 53

Compact (outer layer) Cancellous (spongy, inner layer)

Question 54

in osteomyelitis, ____% decrease in bone matrix must occur before radiographically evident

Answer 54

30-50%

Question 55

Variants of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 55

ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis

Question 56

Abnormal production of compact bone

Answer 56

osteoma

Question 57

exostoses are called ________________

Answer 57

osteochondromas

Question 58

enostosis are called _____________

Answer 58

bone island

Question 59

Small growth of compact bone within cancellous bone

Answer 59

bone island

Question 60

Monteggia - _____ shaft fracture Galeazzi - ______ shaft fracture

Answer 60

Monteggia - ulnar shaft fracture Galeazzi - radial shaft fracture

Question 61

fracture of both malleoli and posterior lip of tibia

Answer 61

trimalleolar

Question 62

fracture of both malleoli

Answer 62

bimalleolar

Question 63

fracture of both malleoli with ankle dislocation

Answer 63

Pott's fracture

Question 64

transverse fracture of lumbar vertebral body

Answer 64

seat belt fracture

Question 65

forward displacement of one vertebra on another

Answer 65

Spondylolisthesis

Question 66

cleft in the pars interarticularis without displacement

Answer 66

Spondylolysis