PPT 2 Flashcards
It is the quantitative amount administered or taken by a patient for the intended medicinal effect.
Dose
the amount of dose taken at one time
Single Dose
the amount of dose taken during the course of therapy.
Daily dose or Total dose
A daily dose may be subdivided and taken in ____, two or more umes per day depending on the characteristics of the drug and the illness.
divided doses
The schedule of dosing (e.g., four times per day for 10 days) is referred to as the:
Dosage regimen
Quantitatively, drug doses vary greatly among drug substances; some drugs have small doses, other drugs have relatively large doses.
The dose of a drug is based on its biochemical and pharmacologic activity, its physical and chemical properties, the dosage form used, the route of administration, and various patient factors.
It takes into account a patient’s ability to metabolize and eliminate drugs from the body due to impaired liver or renal function, which often necessitates a reduction in dosage
Pharmacokinetic dosing
It is the amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect intended in the adult patient.
Usual Adult Dose
the amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect intended in the infant or child patient.
Usual pediatric dose
It serve as a guide to physicians who may select to prescribe that dose initially or vary it depending on the assessed requirements of the particular patient.
The “usual” adult and pediatric doses of a drug
It indicates the quantitative range or amounts of the drug that may be prescribed within the guidelines of usual medical practice.
Usual dosage range
Many anticancer drugs are administered ____, usually for ______, with a rest period between dosing cycles to allow recovery from the toxic effects of the drugs.
cyclically
21 to 28 days
It is the amount that produces the desired intensity of effect in 50% of the individuals tested.
Median effective dose
It is the amount that produces toxic effects in 50% of the individuals tested.
Median toxic dose
An average blood serum concentration of a drug can be measured, and the minimum concentration determined that can be expected to produce the drug’s desired effects in a patient.
This concentration is referred to as the
Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)
The base level of blood serum concentration that produces dose-related toxic effects is referred to as the:
Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC)
Optimally, appropriate drug dosage should result in blood serum drug concentrations that are above the MEC and below the MTC for the period of time that drug effects are desired.
For certain drugs, a larger-than-usual initial dose may be required to achieve the desired blood drug level. This dose is referred to as:
Priming or Loading Dose
Similar in amount to usual doses, these are then administered according to the dosage regimen to sustain the desired drug blood levels or drug effects.
Subsequent maintenance doses
To achieve the desired drug blood level rapidly, the loading dose may be administered as an _____, whereas the subsequent maintenance doses may be administered in other forms, such as ___.
- injection or oral liquid
- tablets or capsules
There are certain instances in which low-dose therapy or high-dose therapy is prescribed for a particular patient. And for certain drugs, there may be different doses required depending on whether the use is for monotherapy, that is, as the primary drug treatment, or adjunctive therapy, that is, additional to or supportive of a different primary treatment.
Certain biologic or immunologic products, such as vaccines, may be administered in ____ to protect the patient from contracting a specific disease.
prophylactic doses
Other products, such as antitoxins, may be administered in _____ to counter a disease after exposure or contraction.
therapeutic doses
The doses of some biologic products, such as insulin, are expressed in ___, derived from biologic assay methods.
units of activity
