PPT 1 Flashcards
Present trend of practice of pharmacy has liberated the pharmacist from the traditional “count, lick and pour” tasks
• Current dispensing is not merely an “act of giving” but a systematic process whereby a pharmacist renders professional service to ensure rational drug therapy
It refersto the pharmacist’s function of taking an order or prescription, preparing the drug/s according to the instructions of a physician or dentist and delivering it to the patient or client with proper instructions.
Dispensing
The Medication Pathway
Prescribing - Doctors
Dispensing - Pharmacists
Administering - Nurse
It is associated with around half ofall avoidable medication errors.
Prescribing
These errors account for over 10% of all avoidable medication errors.
Dispensing
It is associated with about 1/3 of all
avoidable medication errors.
Administering of medicine
Steps in Prescribing
- Making an accurate diagnosis
- Choosing the best treatment compared to their medications of its class, while taking into account efficacy, safety, convenience and cost.
- Consider suitability and dose requirements of individual patients
- Write Prescription
An instruction written by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be provided a medicine or treatment
Prescriptiob
Medical practitioners that can issue prescriptions
Physicians
Veterinarians
Dentist
These are requests for medications by a licensed prescriber and are intended for use in the institutional setting.
Medication Orders
Parts of a Medication Order
• Date
• Time
• Name/s of drugs
- Generic name
- Brandname
• Dosage form/Strength
• Route of Administration
• Frequency and duration of use
• Signature of doctor
When are prescriptions dated?
Time written and when they were filled in the pharmacy
Rx symbol meaning
- Recipe
- “take thou”, “you take”
It serves as the beginning of the direct order of the prescriber to the pharmacist to fill the order and dispense the prescription
Superscription
States the medications in the prescription
• Principal part or the body of the prescription.
Inscription
The inscription contains:
Names
Doses per unit
Quantities of the prescribed medication
Ingredients
• Directions to the pharmacist
• Direction to the pharmacist on how to prepare and label the
prescription.
Subscription
AKA signa or transcription
• Directions are frequently
abbreviated and are interpreted by the pharmacist then conveyed or
conveyed to the patient.
Signatura
Where the brand name precedes the generic name
Erroneous
Where the generic name is the one in parenthesis
Erroneous
The Brand name is not in the parenthesis
Erroneous
Where more than one drug product is
prescribed on one prescription form.
Erroneous
Are erroneous prescriptions filled?
Yes, but keep and report it to the nearest FDA for appropriate action
Where generic name is not written
Violative
The brand name is the only one written
Violative
Where the generic name is not legible and a brand name which is legible is written.
Violative
When the brand name is indicated and
instructions added (such as the phrase “no substitution”) which tend to obstruct, hinder or prevent proper generic dispensing.
Violative
Are violative prescriptions filled?
No, it must be kept and reported to the nearest FDA.
- Pharmacist should inform the prescriber of the error.
- Pharmacist must instruct the customer to get a proper or correct prescription.
When only the generic name is written but it is not legible
Impossible
When the generic name does not correspond ti the brand name
Impossible
When both the generic name and the brand name are not legible.
Impossible
When the drug product prescribed is not
registered with FDA.
Impossible
Are impossible prescriptions filled?
No, keep it and report to the nearest FDA for appropriate action
- Pharmacist should inform the prescriber of the error.
- Instruct the customer to get a proper or correct prescription.
• Prescription drugs
• Pharmaceutical products or drug preparations that are to be dispensed only upon written order of a validly registered physician, dentist or veterinarian for the management or
treatment of a condition or disease.
Ethical or Legend Drugs
• Nonprescription drugs
• Pharmaceutical products or drug preparations that can be dispensed even without the written order of a validly registered licensed physician, dentist or veterinarian, for the use of consumers for the prevention or symptomatic relief of minor or self-limiting ailments.
Ove-the-counter drugs
Are pharmaceutical products referring to either prohibited or regulated drugs which require a special prescription form usually obtained from the Dangerous Drugs Board.
Dangerous Drugs
Examples of List A Prohibited Drugs
• Opioids (Heroin and Morphine)
• Coca Leaf (Cocaine, Alpha, and Beta Eucaine)
• Hallucinogens ( Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
• Cannabis (Marijuana)
Examples of List A Regulated Drugs
• Self Inducing Sedatives (Secobarbital, Phenobarbital, Pentobarbital, Barbital, Amobarbital and any other drug which contains a salt or a derivative of a salt of
barbituric acid)
• Salt of an Isomer, of Amphetamine (Benzedrine or Dexedrine)
• Hypnotic Drugs (Methaqualone)
Drugs requiring strict precautions in
their use; the prescriber must write clearly after the Rx symbol but before the generic name.
List B Drugs
• Orders for medications by an individual authorized to prescribe and are intended for use in the institutional setting.
In-Patient Medication Order
In-Patient Medication Orders are written by physicians on forms called ____ or are entered directly into the institution’s
computer system.
physician order sheet
Legal Provisions on Dispensing Practices in the Philippines
• RA 6675 - Generics Act of 1988
• AO 63 s. 1989
• RA 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
• RA 6425 - Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972
If prescription is fully filled, the prescription is retained for how many years?
2 years
It means dispensing the customer’s choice from among the generically equivalent drugs.
Generic dispensing
These are finished pharmaceutical products having the same active ingredients, same strength and of the same dosage form.
Generically equivalent drugs
The pharmacists play an important role in generic dispensing. It is their responsibility to give adequate information to the buyer on available products that meet the prescription and make accessible the required up-to-date information on drug products.
