chapter 11 Flashcards
It happens when a healthcare professional fails to do the right thing which leads to an undesirable outcome or raises a significant potential for such an outcome.
Error by Omission
It plays a significant role in ensuring medication safety and medication adherence among consumers.
Patient Counseling
Miscalculation of dose, dispensing an incorrect medication, dosage strength, or dosage form fall under this type of error.
Error by Commission
These are usually caused by a lack of problem-solving skills.
Mistakes
Two main types of mistakes
Knowledge-based
Rule-based
These are related to the deficit of any type of knowledge, it could be general, specific, or expert
Knowledge-based mistake
It takes place in situations where there is disregard of particular rules, resulting in an unwanted outcome.
Rule-based mistake
Slips are considered to be:
Action-based errors
At present, there are thousands of drugs in the market, so it is not unlikely that they may be mistaken for each other.
It greatly contribute to the confusion of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians during hte dispensing process.
Sound-alike and look-alike drugs (SALADs)
In the community pharmacy setting, approximately ___ of handwritten prescriptions contain at least one prescription-writing error.
21%
A survey by the ISMP has shown that nearly ___ felt that the use of tall man letters in the pharmaceutical industry has helped lessen the errors during dispensing, and ___ reported that the tall man letters have actually prevented them from dispensing errors.
87%
64%
It can also lead to confusion of one drug for the other.
Improper shelving in the pharmacy
It is a psychological phenomenon wherein humans tend to process new information by interpreting it in accordance with their pre-existing beliefs.
Confirmation bias
According to this theory, humans are more likely to view information as they have always seen it, rather than the new information given to them.
Social Cognitive Theory
It is important in any profession, and for healthcare professionals if is even more essential to establish good communication when dealing with patients.
Communication
They are the front liners when it comes to medications.
Community or Hospital Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians
An example of communication barrier
Noisy environment
These are commonly seen in community pharmacies, particularly the counterspace that separates the pharmacist from the patients.
Physical barriers
It is one of the key elements in communication, it paves the way toward understanding.
Language
AD, AS, AU
Right Ear, Left Ear, Each Ear
OD, OS, OU
Right Eye, Left Eye, Each Eye
ad.
to; upto
BT
At Bedtime
BID
Twice a day
cc
Cubic Centimeters
HS
Half-strength
hs
At bed time
IU
International Unit
mcg
Micrograms
o.d.
Once daily
QD/qd
Everyday
QID / q.i.d.
Four times a day
Qhs
Every bed time
QOD / q.o.d.
Every other day
TID t.i.d.
Three times a day
The FDA Philippines has established an agency that can cater to medication errors, ADE, and dispensing errors
National Pharmacovigilance Center
Motto of the National Pharmacovigilance Center
Saving Lives Through Vigilant Reporting
