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Spinal Anatomy > PPT 1 - Spine > Flashcards

PPT 1 - Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal Column AKA…

A

Vertebral Column
Central Axis
Back Bone

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2
Q

Spinal Column consists of ___ parts

A

3

Spine
Sacrum
Coccyx

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3
Q

A Child 8 years or less has ___ segments

A

33

24 spine (same as adult)
5 sacrum (not fused)123rd
4 coccyx (not fused)
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4
Q

An adult has ___ segments

A

26

24 spinal
1 sacrum
1 coccyx

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5
Q

First 3 Sacrum Segments Fuse when?

A

Between the ages of 9-11 (late childhood)

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6
Q

Lower 3 sacrum segments fuse together when?

A

18-20 (early adulthood)

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7
Q

Coccyx Fuses when?

A

One segment ossified every 5 years and becomes one bone between 25-30yo

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8
Q

Cervical spine consists of ____ individual segments

A

7

It is the upper segment of the spine

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9
Q

Thoracic spine has ____ individual segments

A

12

It is the middle section of the spine

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10
Q

The Lumbar Spine consists of _____ individual segments

A

5

Lower segment of the back

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11
Q

Average length of the adult male spine

A

28 inches

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12
Q

Average length of the female adult spine

A

25 inches

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13
Q

The discs are ______% of the height of the vertebral column

A

25%

Discs - cushion between the discs

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14
Q

Spinal Column segments are divided into two types. They are…

A

True segments &

False segments

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15
Q

True Segments are defined as…

A

Segments that are freely movable in an adult

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16
Q

False Segments are describes as…

A

Segments that are not freely moveable in an adult spine

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17
Q

Segments that are true are…

A

The 24 segments of the spine (thoracic, cervical, and lumbar)

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18
Q

Segments that are false are…

A

The sacrum and the coccyx

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19
Q

Typical characteristics of cervical vertebra

A
  • 2 heads on the spinous process
  • holes in the transverse process (TVP)
  • shapes like an oval or rectangle
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20
Q

The spine has the following ranges of motion…

A

Flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral flexion

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21
Q

Characteristics of a typical thoracic vertebra

A
  • costal facet (indentations)on transverse process (TVP)
  • demifacets(indentations where the ribs connect)
  • heart shaped
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22
Q

Characteristics of the lumbar vertebra

A
  • 4 facet joints

- kidney shaped

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23
Q

A typical spinal vertebra is divided into 2 basic parts. They are…

A
  1. Anterior (the vertebral body)

2. Posterior (vertebral arch, posterior arch, dorsal arch, neural arch, and spinal arch)

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24
Q

The arch of a vertebra is made up of…

A 
2 Pedicles (vertical)
2 Laminae (horizontal)
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25
Q

The purpose of the arch is to…

A

Support the 7 processes

1 spinous, 2 transverse, 4 articulation process

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26
Q

The anterior vertebral arch is comprised of…

A

Vertebral body

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27
Q

The posterior vertebral arch is comprised of…

A

Pedicles, Latina, and processes

28
Q

Vertebral foremen, when stacked together form the…

A

Vertebral canal

29
Q

What is the purpose of the vertebral foramen?

A

It allows the spinal cord to run through the spine

30
Q

What is the largest part of the vertebra?

A

The vertebral body

31
Q

What is the purpose of the vertebral body?

A

It supports the weight placed on the vertebra

32
Q

What shape is the typical vertebra?

A

Square or round

33
Q

The transverse diameter of the vertebral ___________ in size from C2 to L3

A

Increase (like a pyramid)

34
Q

When does the epiphyseal plate fuse to the vertebral body?

A

Between the ages of 16-20

35
Q

Why should you not perform ultrasounds on children?

A

Ultrasound causes early fusing, stopping bone growth

36
Q

What is the end plate?

A

Hyaline cartilage on top of the epiphyseal plate that acts as a glue to the disc and the vertebra

37
Q

What are Pedicles?

A

The anterior part of the vertebral arch that attach the body to the rest of the vertebra

38
Q

When do Pedicles fuse to the posterior lateral aspect of the vertebral bodies?

A

3-6 years of age

39
Q

An arch caused by the Pedicle attaching to the vertebral body

A

Pedicle Notch

40
Q

When notches line up to create a space through which the spinal nerve roots leave the spinal cord

A

Intervertebral Foramen

41
Q

The superior Pedicle notch of the vertebra below becomes the ________ of the IVF

A

Floor

42
Q

The inferior Pedicle notch of the vertebra above forms the _______ of the IVF

A

Roof

43
Q

Congenital shortening of one or both of the pedicles

A

Pedicogenic Stenosis

44
Q

Pedicogenic Stenosis causes the spinal canal to be _________

A

Narrowed (smaller hole)

45
Q

2 parts of the vertebra that connect to the posterior aspect of the pedicles

A

Laminae

46
Q

The Laminae form the ________________ of the vertebral arch

A

Posterior portion

47
Q

The Laminae is angled….

A

Posterior and medial

48
Q

The Laminae are _______ & _______ to the neural foramen

A

Posterior and lateral

49
Q

The Laminae fuse together in the back during the first _____ years of life

A

5

50
Q

When the Laminae do not fuse, this is called what?

A

Spina bifida

51
Q

Spina bifida is the most common form of ____________ _____________ defect

A

Neural tube

52
Q

Most posterior part of the vertebra

A

Spinous process

53
Q

The deviation of the SP (which can occur due to trauma during development) makes it the ________ reliable area of palpation when trying to ascertain subluxation.

A

LEAST

54
Q

The tip of the SP fuses with the rest of the SP around age _____.

A

16

55
Q

Laminae close during the first _____ of life.

A

1 year

56
Q

These project laterally from the Laminae-pedicles junction. They serve as attachments for muscles and ligaments. They vary in size & shape.

A

Transverse Process (TVP)

57
Q

What are the 2 parts the TVP is composed of?

A

TRUE part : diapophysis

COSTAL element : pleurapophysis

58
Q

The tips of the TVP fuse to the rest of the TVP at what age?

A

16

59
Q

What is zygapophysis?

A

The 4 articulate processes

60
Q

What are the 4 articulate processes?

A

2 superior processes located on the superior aspect of the vertebra

2 inferior articular processes located on the inferior aspect of the vertebra

61
Q

In what plane are the cervical facets oriented in?

A

Coronal

62
Q

In what plane are the thoracic facets located in?

A

Coronal

63
Q

In what plane are the lumbar facets oriented in?

A

Sagital

64
Q

When 2 adjacent articular processes come together, they form a joint called _____

A

The articular joint

65
Q

The articular surface of the articular process (the face) is called the ___________

A

Facet

66
Q

The articular joint is surrounded by the ___________ ___________

A

Articular capsule

67
Q

The articular capsule is composed of 3 main parts. What are they?

A

Inner part
Central layer
Outer part

Spinal Anatomy (9 decks)

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