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Spinal Anatomy > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What does long term forward neck posture lead to?

A

Long term muscle strain
disc herniation
Pinched nerves

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2
Q

For every inch of forward head posture, the weight of the head increases by _____.

A

10 lbs

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3
Q

Loss of cervical curve stretches the spinal cord _______cm and can cause _____.

A

5-7

disease

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4
Q

90% of stimulation and nutrition to the brain is generated by:

A

movement of the spine

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5
Q

Forward head posture will rob energy from your brain, causing problems in:

A

Thinking
Metabolism
Immune System
Proprioception

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6
Q

Some diseases caused by long term forward neck posture:

A

Lung and CV diseases, as well as GI

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7
Q

A neuron is composed of:

A

Soma
Perikarion
Dendrites
Axon

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8
Q

Other name for myelin

A

Neurilemma

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9
Q

2 nerves involved in a synapse is called a ______, while more than 2 nerves involved is called a ______.

A

Monosynapse

Polysynapse

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10
Q

Nerve impulses from periphery nerves to the CNS. Mostly sensory

A

Afferent nerves

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11
Q

Nerve impulses from the CNS to the periphery nerves . Mostly motor

A

Efferent Nerves

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12
Q

Network of interconnecting neurons connecting the afferent and efferent nerves

A

Interneurons

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13
Q

Medulla Spinalis, AKA

A

Spinal cord

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14
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin and end?

A

Begins at the foramen magnum, ends at the conus medularis

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15
Q

2 major enlargements in the spine

A

cervical and lumbar

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16
Q

largest of the 2 enlargements

A

cervical

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17
Q

Cervical enlargement runs from __-__. Gives rise to the _____ plexus. THe largest circumference is located at _____.

A

C4-T1
brachial
C5/6.

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18
Q

Lumbar enlargement runs from __-__. Gives rise to the _____ and _____ plexus, and the ____ ____.
Largest circumference is at _____.

A

T9-L2 (conus medularis is)
Lumbar and sacral plexus and the Cauna Equina
T12

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19
Q

Nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

A

Ganglion

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20
Q

Nerve cell bodies inside the IVF

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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21
Q

Nerve C1 arises between ____ and ____.

A

occiput and atlas

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22
Q

Nerve C8 arises between ___and ___

A

C7 and T1

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23
Q

Other than C-1 or C-8, where do all other nerves arise from?

A

Below their respective vertebra

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24
Q

Purpose of the meningies

A

To surround, protect, and stabilize the CNS

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25
Q

The 3 layers of meningies consists of:

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid
Pia Mater

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26
Q

Space that contains fat, loose CT, and extensive epidural venous plexus (Batson’s Plexus)

A

Epidural space

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27
Q

The Dura Mater is very _____ (weak/tough) and continues to ____. Is attaches to the posterior aspect of the ____ ____ of __ (location). It also attaches to the PLL by means of ____ _____.

A

S-2
Tough
foramen magnum of C2/C3
Hoffman’s ligaments

28
Q

Very small potential space between the dura mater and arachnoid. Has interstitial fluid.

A

Subdural space

29
Q

Meningial layer. Middle layer, spider like. Completely avascular. Continues to S2

A

Arachnoid

30
Q

Space between Pia mater and arachnoid that cerbrospinal fluid

A

Subarachnoid space

31
Q

The pia mater is very ____ (thin/thick). It has 2 parts called ____ the inner part and ___ the outer part. Both parts, surround the ____ ____ and the ______ _____ to the IVF

A

Thin.
Pia-glia and epi-pia
spinal cord and spinal nerves to the IVF

32
Q

Avascular layer of the pia mater. adheres to the spinal cord

A

Pia-Glia

33
Q

Vascular layer of the pia mater. Attaches to the dura mater via denticulate ligaments

A

Epi-pia

34
Q

Name for both pia mater and arachnoid together:

A

Leptomeninges

35
Q

Fibrous bands of epi-pia that go through the arachnoid, and attach to the dura mater.

A

Denticulate ligament

36
Q

The denticulate ligament has ____ points of attachment on either side.

A

22

37
Q

Purpose of the denticulate ligament

A

To stabilize the meningies, keeping them from folding on top of each other

38
Q

Central ligament of the spinal cord/coccygeal ligament. Anchors the spinal cord in place, keeping it from moving around.

A

Filum terminale

39
Q

Filum terminale extends from ____ to the _____ segment

A

conus medularis

1st coccygeal

40
Q

The filum terminale is made up of all the meningeal layers until __, where is will only be made up of the ____ ___ to the coccyx.

A

S2

Pia Mater

41
Q

Area of unmyelinated nerves

where cell bodies and synapses are

A

Gray matter

42
Q

Area of myelinated nerves

A

white matter

43
Q

Motor lesions that involve the CNS

A

Upper Motor Leisons

44
Q

Spastic paralysis

inability to move an extremity due to spastic muscles and increased deep tendon reflexes

A

Hyper-reflexia

45
Q

Moton neuron lesions that involve the PNS only

A

Lower motor neuron lesions

46
Q

Flaccid paralysis

Loss of muscle tone and absence of tendon reflexes

A

Hypo-reflexia/A-reflexia

47
Q

There are ___ pairs of spinal nerves. ___ of these exit through a bony foramen

A

31

29

48
Q

Each spinal nerve is formed by the convergence of:

A

A dorsal root and ventral root within the IVF

49
Q

Distal to the IVF, the spinal nerve divides into these 2 parts:

A 
Dorsal ramus (rami, posterior primary division, PPD)
Ventral ramus (rami, anterior primary division APD)
50
Q

This ramus innervates the skin and deep muscles of the back and neck

A

Dorsal Ramus

51
Q

This ramus innervates the anterior and lateral aspect of the trunk and extremities

A

Ventral ramus

52
Q 
There are \_\_ Pairs of cervical nerves,
\_\_ pairs of thoracic nerves
\_\_\_ pairs of lumbar nerves
\_\_\_\_ pairs of sacral nerves
and \_\_\_\_ pairs of coccygeal nerves
A 
8
12
5
5
1
53
Q

The cervicla plexus is formed by the ______ rami of these nerves:

A

Ventral

c1-c4

54
Q

Plexus that supplies the cutaneous innervation, to the dorsal lateral part of the head neck and shoulders , as well as the deep cervical muscles, traps, SCM

A

Cervical plexus

55
Q

What does the brachial pluxes supply to?

What is it formed by?

A

Upper extremities

Ventral Rami of C5-T1

56
Q

Brachial plexus track:

Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer

A 
5 Roots
3 trunks
2 divisions
3 cords
Branches
57
Q

Ascending sympathetic trunk is supplied by:

A

All cervical nerve roots down to T6

58
Q

3 cervical ganglions of the ascending sympathetic trunk and where they are

A

inferior cervical ganglion- C7-T1
Middle Cerical Gangion- C5-C6
Superior Cervical Ganglion- C2-C3

59
Q

Ganglion anterior to the sacrococcygeal junction. The most caudal ganglion of the sympathetic trunk

A

Ganglion of IMPAR

60
Q

Plexus formed by ventral rami of L1-L4. Supplies lower extremities

A

Lumbar plexus

61
Q

Name the location for the following:
A. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
B. Sacral plexus
C. Sciatic Nerve made of _____________

A

A. L-2 and L-3
B. L4-S5
C. L-4, 5, S-1, 2 (some S-3); Common Peroneal & Tibial nerve

62
Q

Thigh pain, involves L2-L3 nerves. Sensory disturbances (pain, increased sensation, lack of sensation in anterolateral thigh)

A

Meralgia Parathetica

63
Q

Dorsal Roots are

Ventral Roots are

A 
Afferent fibers (Sensory)
Efferent fibers (Motor)
64
Q

Dorsal & Ventral branches formed at posterior/anterior division L2-L4 respectfully

A

Femoral & Obturator Nerve

65
Q

Primarily arise from L2, L3, L4 nerve roots

A

Lumbar Plexus

Spinal Anatomy (9 decks)

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