Exam One Review

Question 1

At what age do the epiphyseal plates fuse?

Answer 1

16-20

Question 2

When do the pedicles fuse?

Answer 2

3-6 years old

Question 3

When do the Laminae fuse?

Answer 3

In the first year of life

Question 4

When do the SP fuse?

Answer 4

Around 16

Question 5

When do the TVP fuse?

Answer 5

Around age 16

Question 6

Before 40yo, _____% of the load compresses on the cortex. After 40, it increases to _____%

Answer 6

45

65

Question 7

Before 40, ____% of the load compresses on the cancellous bone. After 40, it changes to _____%.

Answer 7

55%

35%

Question 8

Overall greatest ROM in the spine is in what section of the spine?

Answer 8

C4-6

Question 9

Greatest flexion and extension of facet joints is in what section of the spine?

Answer 9

C5-6

Question 10

Greatest overall ROM in the lumbar spine?

Answer 10

L4-5

Question 11

Greatest flexion and extension in Lumbar spine

Answer 11

L5 & S1

Question 12

ROM associated with lumbar

Answer 12

Flexion/rotation
Little lateral bending
No rotation

Question 13

ROM associated with thoracic spine

Answer 13

Rotation
Some flexion
Little extension

Question 14

ROM associated with cervical

Answer 14

Flexion/extension
Greatest overall ROM
Rotate
Lateral flexion

Question 15

Intrinsic muscles of the back

Answer 15

Erector spinae (ILS)
Splenius capitis and cervices
Longus capitis and coli
Quadratus lumborum

Question 16

Extrinsic muscles of the back

Answer 16

Traps
Lats
Rhomboids
Levator scapulae

Question 17

Intermediate extrinsic muscles of the back

Answer 17

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

Question 18

Transversospinal muscle group

Answer 18

Semispinalis muscles (3)
Multifidus
Rotatores

Question 19

Intervertebral muscles

Answer 19

Rotatores
Interspinales
Intertransversalas
Intertransversarii

Question 20

Suboccipital muscle group

Answer 20

Rectus capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Obliquus capitis inferior
Obliquus capitis superior

Question 21

Anterolateral Neck Muscles

Answer 21

Scalenes (3)

Question 22

Cervical Facet joints are oriented in what plane?

Answer 22

Coronal

Question 23

Thoracic facet joints are located in what plane?

Answer 23

Coronal

Question 24

Lumbar facet joints are oriented in what plane?

Answer 24

Sagittal

Question 25

Cervical SAP orientation

Answer 25

Face superior and posterior - 45 degrees

Question 26

Cervical IAP orientation

Answer 26

Face inferior and anterior - 45 degrees

Question 27

Thoracic SAP orientation

Answer 27

Posterior and superior - 60 degrees from horizontal - 20 degree lateral rotation

Question 28

Thoracic IAP orientation

Answer 28

Anterior and inferior - 60 degrees to horizontal - 20 degree medial rotation

Question 29

Lumbar SAP orientation

Answer 29

Mostly medial - rotated 45 degree medially

Question 30

Lumbar IAP orientation

Answer 30

Mostly lateral - 45 lateral rotation

Question 31

Number of vertebra in each segment

Answer 31

``` Cervical: 7 Thoracic: 12 Lumbar: 5 Sacrum Coccyx ``` Total: 26

Question 32

Variations as far as number of vertebra most commonly occurs in which segment?

Answer 32

Lumbar

Question 33

X axis

Answer 33

Flex and rotate (middle finger)

Question 34

Y axis

Answer 34

Left and Right rotation (thumb)

Question 35

Z axis

Answer 35

Left and right lateral flexion (index finger)

Question 36

The child is an individual up to age _____

Answer 36

8

Question 37

What are epiphyseal plates

Answer 37

(AKA growth plates) | Ring of hard compact bone that surrounds the superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies

Question 38

How many vertebra does the spine of a child have?

Answer 38

Spine: 24 Sacrum: 5 Coccyx: 4 Total: 33

Question 39

When do the sacral segments fuse?

Answer 39

First 3: 9-11 | Last 2: 18-20

Question 40

When does the coccyx fuse?

Answer 40

One segment ossifies every 5 years Becomes one bone age 25-30

Question 41

What is the tripod theory?

Answer 41

The axial compression on any vertebrae is borne by the 1) vertebral body and (2,3) the two superior articular processes

Question 42

What is the least reliable palpation contact?

Answer 42

Spinous Process

Question 43

What forms the roof of the intervertebral foramen (IVF)

Answer 43

ROOF: inferior pedicle notch of vertebra above

Question 44

What forms the floor of the IVF?

Answer 44

Superior pedicle notch of the vertebra below

Question 45

What are the three types of spina bifida?

Answer 45

Occulta Meningocele Myelomeningocele

Question 46

Which muscle does NOT contribute to the suboccipital triangle?

Answer 46

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Question 47

What are the three layers of the articular capsule?

Answer 47

Synovial membrane Loose connective tissue (vascular) Connective tissue (sensory nerve supply)