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Spinal Anatomy > Exam One Review > Flashcards

Exam One Review Flashcards

1
Q

At what age do the epiphyseal plates fuse?

A

16-20

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2
Q

When do the pedicles fuse?

A

3-6 years old

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3
Q

When do the Laminae fuse?

A

In the first year of life

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4
Q

When do the SP fuse?

A

Around 16

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5
Q

When do the TVP fuse?

A

Around age 16

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6
Q

Before 40yo, _____% of the load compresses on the cortex. After 40, it increases to _____%

A

45

65

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7
Q

Before 40, ____% of the load compresses on the cancellous bone. After 40, it changes to _____%.

A

55%

35%

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8
Q

Overall greatest ROM in the spine is in what section of the spine?

A

C4-6

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9
Q

Greatest flexion and extension of facet joints is in what section of the spine?

A

C5-6

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10
Q

Greatest overall ROM in the lumbar spine?

A

L4-5

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11
Q

Greatest flexion and extension in Lumbar spine

A

L5 & S1

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12
Q

ROM associated with lumbar

A

Flexion/rotation
Little lateral bending
No rotation

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13
Q

ROM associated with thoracic spine

A

Rotation
Some flexion
Little extension

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14
Q

ROM associated with cervical

A

Flexion/extension
Greatest overall ROM
Rotate
Lateral flexion

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15
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the back

A

Erector spinae (ILS)
Splenius capitis and cervices
Longus capitis and coli
Quadratus lumborum

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16
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the back

A

Traps
Lats
Rhomboids
Levator scapulae

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17
Q

Intermediate extrinsic muscles of the back

A

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

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18
Q

Transversospinal muscle group

A

Semispinalis muscles (3)
Multifidus
Rotatores

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19
Q

Intervertebral muscles

A

Rotatores
Interspinales
Intertransversalas
Intertransversarii

20
Q

Suboccipital muscle group

A

Rectus capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Obliquus capitis inferior
Obliquus capitis superior

21
Q

Anterolateral Neck Muscles

A

Scalenes (3)

22
Q

Cervical Facet joints are oriented in what plane?

A

Coronal

23
Q

Thoracic facet joints are located in what plane?

A

Coronal

24
Q

Lumbar facet joints are oriented in what plane?

A

Sagittal

25
Q

Cervical SAP orientation

A

Face superior and posterior - 45 degrees

26
Q

Cervical IAP orientation

A

Face inferior and anterior - 45 degrees

27
Q

Thoracic SAP orientation

A

Posterior and superior - 60 degrees from horizontal - 20 degree lateral rotation

28
Q

Thoracic IAP orientation

A

Anterior and inferior - 60 degrees to horizontal - 20 degree medial rotation

29
Q

Lumbar SAP orientation

A

Mostly medial - rotated 45 degree medially

30
Q

Lumbar IAP orientation

A

Mostly lateral - 45 lateral rotation

31
Q

Number of vertebra in each segment

A 
Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacrum
Coccyx

Total: 26

32
Q

Variations as far as number of vertebra most commonly occurs in which segment?

A

Lumbar

33
Q

X axis

A

Flex and rotate (middle finger)

34
Q

Y axis

A

Left and Right rotation (thumb)

35
Q

Z axis

A

Left and right lateral flexion (index finger)

36
Q

The child is an individual up to age _____

A

8

37
Q

What are epiphyseal plates

A

(AKA growth plates)

Ring of hard compact bone that surrounds the superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies

38
Q

How many vertebra does the spine of a child have?

A

Spine: 24
Sacrum: 5
Coccyx: 4

Total: 33

39
Q

When do the sacral segments fuse?

A

First 3: 9-11

Last 2: 18-20

40
Q

When does the coccyx fuse?

A

One segment ossifies every 5 years

Becomes one bone age 25-30

41
Q

What is the tripod theory?

A

The axial compression on any vertebrae is borne by the 1) vertebral body and (2,3) the two superior articular processes

42
Q

What is the least reliable palpation contact?

A

Spinous Process

43
Q

What forms the roof of the intervertebral foramen (IVF)

A

ROOF: inferior pedicle notch of vertebra above

44
Q

What forms the floor of the IVF?

A

Superior pedicle notch of the vertebra below

45
Q

What are the three types of spina bifida?

A

Occulta
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele

46
Q

Which muscle does NOT contribute to the suboccipital triangle?

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor

47
Q

What are the three layers of the articular capsule?

A

Synovial membrane
Loose connective tissue (vascular)
Connective tissue (sensory nerve supply)

Spinal Anatomy (9 decks)

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