PPL-Human Factors Flashcards
For exercise to be sufficient, it must be
At least 3 times a week
30 minutes at least
enough to double resting heart rate
What is the comfortable operating range for the brain
21-27 degrees celcius
50% humidity
When does heat stress occur to the brain
> 32 degrees
Excessive sun
Below 10 degrees
If temperatures are above 30 degrees, what amount of water should be consumed at what rate
250ml every 30 mintues
How long must you wait after blood donations
24 hrs
At sea level, what is a smoker’s physiological altitude
4000ft
What is barotrauma
trauma caused by pressure changes
What is otic barotrauma
pressure difference between innner and outer ear
what is sinus barotrauma
expanding and contracting of gasses in sinuses
What is aerodontalgia
caused by air cavities in the teeth
What is intestinal barotrauma
caused by gas in the intestines
otic barotrauma is most commonly associated with blockage of the
eustachian tube
When is otic barotrauma most severe and why?
during a descent as a result of the pressure expanding rather than contracting
intestinal barotrauma is usually only apparent
after 25000 ft
Why does air sickness occur
Conflicting signals received from our eyes, vestibular organs and proprioception (skeletal system and joints)
How long is a class 2 medical valid for
4 years if you are under 40, 2 years if over
How long is a class 3 medical certificate valid for
2 years
How is alcohol rid from the body
10% through perspiration and urine
90% through metabolic processes in the liver
…. hours from bottle to throttle
8
What is the legal BAC
0.02%
What does IMSAFE stand for
Illness medication stress alcohol fatigue Eating/emotion
What is a healthy blood pressure
120/80
What is hypertension
Excessively high blood pressure making it difficult for the heart to operate
Complex tasks are better performed at what level of arousal
low
Simple tasks are better performed at what level of arousal
high
At what altitude does it become necessary to breathe 100% oxygen
40,000 ft
What are some symptoms of hypoxia
Impaired Judgement
Nausea and headache, frequent yawning
Tingling Cyanosis
Personality changes- euphoria or aggression
Poor muscular control and lack of coordination
Poor concentration, failure of short term memory
Vision deteriorates- first peripheral and night vision, then day colour.
Touch and hearing deterioration
At 20,000 ft, how much time of useful consciousness do we have before we become hypoxic
10 minutes moderate activity, 20 minutes light activity
At 25,000 ft, how much time of useful consciousness do we have before we become hypoxic
3 minutes moderate, 5 minutes light
at 30,000 ft how much time of useful consciousness do we have before we become hypoxic
1 minute moderate, 3 minutes light
At what altitude does degradation of night vision occur
4000 ft
What is hyperventialtion
breathing at a rate excessive of that needed to remove carbon dioxide, leading to a reduction of brain artery diameter
What are some symptoms of hyperventilation
Light-headedness or dizziness
A tingling, or numbness of the fingers, hands, toes and lips
A stiffening of the fingers, hands, toes and lips
Anxiety and chest pains
Reduced performance
Stiffening/spasm of peripheral limb muscles
Collapse and unconsciousness
Grey-out occurs around what levels of g
3.5-4.5 g
Black out occurs around what level of g
5 g
What rest at sea level is required for a dive that did not require a decompression stop
4 hrs
What rest at sea level is required for a dive that did require a decompression stop but was less than 4 hrs
12 hrs
What rest at sea level is required for a dive that did require a decompression stop andwas morethan 4 hrs
48 hrs
What are the four refractive errors
Hyperopia (long sightedness)
Myopia (short sightedness)
Astigmatism (blurry vision)
Presbyopia (natural condition of aging)
To function properly at night, what chemical needs to assist our eyes
rhodopsin
How long does it take for rhodopsin to come into effect
30-45 minutes
What can prolonged exposure to glare do to our night vision
reduce its ability by 30-50% lasting up to 7 days
What is empty sky myopia
When the eyes have nothing to focus on, they adopt a rest position and focus 1-2 metres ahead. As a result objects coming into our field of vision will not be noticed.
what db level is hearing damage most likely to occur
85db or more
Otolith organs are responsible for
sense of acceleration and deceleration
The semi-circular canals are responsible for what
sensing angular ACCELERATION
What are the leans
When we detect that we are in a bank when truly we are straight and level
What is a somatogravic illusion
When we accelerate we detect a pitch up movement
What is an autokinetic illusion
The eyes dart about when looking at a bright object against a dark background because they have nothing to focus on, thus making the object appear to move around
what is the coroilis illusion
When the semi-circular canals to swap axis (yaw to roll), disorientating the individual
What is atmospheric transparency
Objects appear to be further or closer than they ACTUALLY ARE as a result of poor atmospheric transperency
The basic threat and error management technique is
Anticipation
Recognition
Recovery
