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aviation > PPL-Aerodynamics > Flashcards

PPL-Aerodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Coefficient of lift is generally determined by

A

Camber & AoA

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2
Q

What are coupled moments

A

Interaction of two forces separated by a horizontal distance

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3
Q

Where does the Centre of Pressure reach its forward limit on the wing

A

At the stalling angle

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4
Q

The tendency in a climb while turning is to

A

overbank (because outside wing is faster and has > AoA)

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5
Q

Why is there a tendency to underbank in a descent

A

Increase in AoA on inner wing outweighs effect of outer wing’s greater velocity

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6
Q

What is adverse aileron yaw

A

tendency for the aircraft to yaw out of the turn as a result of the downward aileron having more induced drag

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7
Q

Describe Frise type Ailerons

A

Uses offset hinges to deflect part of the upgoing aileron into the air on the underside of the wing (creating more drag)

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8
Q

Describe differential ailerons

A

The up-going aileron travels further than the down-going aileron

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9
Q

Describe what coupling the ailerons and rudder does

A

As the aileron moves, the rudder automatically moves to counteract the adverse yaw

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10
Q

What is the equation for load factor

A

Lift/weight

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11
Q

Define a spin

A

An aggravated stall with a wing-drop that results in autorotation (corkscrewing around a vertical axis)

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12
Q

What defines a fully developed spin as opposed to an incipient spin

A

aircraft’s angular rotation rate, airspeed and vertical speed are stabilised

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13
Q

When does a flat spin occur

A

When the mass of the aircraft is further away from the spin axis

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14
Q

CAS=

A

IAS+IEC+PEC

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15
Q

EAS=

A

CAS+CEC

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16
Q

TAS=

A

EAS corrected for density error

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17
Q

What effect does a higher airspeed have in a turn

A

Increase radius, decrease rate

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18
Q

At a constant airspeed, the greater the bank angle, the …… the turn

A

tighter

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19
Q

rate 1 turn=

A

180 degrees/min (3 dg/s)

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20
Q

bank angle req for rate 1=

A

10% IAS + 7

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21
Q

How does an increase in altitude affect turn performance

A

reduced density=increased TAS, therefore worse performance

22
Q

Max range is achieved at a speed which produces….

A

minimum drag

23
Q

range=

A

TAS/power or TAS/fuel flow

24
Q

Does weight have an effect on RoD

A

Yes

25
Q

Maximum endurance is achieved at

A

minimum power or fuel flow

26
Q

What is the region of reverse command

A

speeds lower than that of the max endurance speed which require greater amounts of power just to maintain the airspeed

27
Q

What axis does longitudinal stability occur

A

lateral

28
Q

What axis does lateral stability occur

A

Longitudinal

29
Q

What axis does directional stability occur

A

normal

30
Q

In terms of longitudinal stability, what does moving the CoG forward do?

A

Increases it

31
Q

What does a sweptback wing do to lateral stability

A

increases it (because one wing has more of an effective span than the other)

32
Q

Which is stronger, lateral or directional stability

A

Directional

33
Q

What is a fixed balance tab

A

balance tab that is bent to a set position

34
Q

What is a horn balance

A

balance that protrudes into the airflow on the opposite side

35
Q

What is an anti-balance tab

A

Tab that moves in the same direction as the control surface, thus resisting control surface movements

36
Q

What is the purpose of an anti-balance tab

A

prevent stress of the aircraft through excessive handling of the controls

37
Q

What does a mass balance do

A

reduces flutter by moving CoG closer to the hinge line

38
Q

When taxiing in wind, the controls should be positioned in such a way that

A

they will not cause the aircraft to lift as a result of the wind (remember horizontal stabiliser is inverse to wings)

39
Q

An aircraft will tend to weathercock….

A

into wind

40
Q

Refer slide 97 of ADY lesson 1

A

.

41
Q

The slipstream effect (for clockwise viewed from the cockpit) tends to yaw the nose to the….

A

left

42
Q

The propellor torque effect acts to make the aircraft yaw to the…

A

left

43
Q

The greatest influence of wake turbulence is

A

the weight of the aircraft

44
Q

Aircraft with larger aspect ratios (long, skinny wings) tend to produce stronger/weaker wingtip vortices?

A

Weaker

45
Q

In terms of wake turbulence, decrease in IAS=

A

increase in wake turbulence

46
Q

In terms of wake turbulence, increase in AoA=

A

Increase in wake turbulence

47
Q

AVOID TOUCHDOWN AND ROTATION AREAS OF HEAVY AIRCRAFT AS A RESULT OF THE WAKE TURBULENCE PRODUCED

A

AVOID TOUCHDOWN AND ROTATION AREAS OF HEAVY AIRCRAFT AS A RESULT OF THE WAKE TURBULENCE PRODUCED

48
Q

When avoiding wake turbulence enroute, you should maintain what distance from the flight path

A

200’ above and 1000’ below

49
Q

What distances can thrust stream turbulence be felt

A

200m behind a medium jet

600m behind a large jet

50
Q

To what range does ground effect occur

A

up to one wingspan

51
Q

The 2 core results of ground effect are

A

reduction in drag

increase in the lifting ability of the wing

aviation (12 decks)

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