PPF and Palate

Question 1

boundaries of PPF

Answer 1

lateral: infratemporal fossa
medial: nasal cavity (palatine)
inferior: palate
superior: sphenoid
anterior: maxillary sinus and orbit
posterior: pterygoid portion of sphenoid

Question 2

major structures in PPF

Answer 2

1. 3rd portion of maxillary a.
2. maxillary n. (V2)
3. pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 3

doorway to PPF

Answer 3

pterygomaxillary fissure (sphenomaxillary fissure)

Question 4

pterygomaxillary fissure transmits

Answer 4

1. maxillary a.

2. posterior superior alveolar a.v.n.

Question 5

inferior orbital fissure transmits

Answer 5

1. infraorbital a.v.n.

2. zygomatic a.v.n.

Question 6

window to PPF

Answer 6

sphenopalatine foramen

Question 7

sphenopalatine foramen transmits

Answer 7

1. sphenopalatine a.v.
2. nasopalatine n.
3. posterior superior lateral nasal n.

Question 8

floor of PPF

Answer 8

open via pterygopalatine canal (palatine bone), splits into greater and lesser palatine canals to communicate with oral cavity

Question 9

pterygopalatine canal transmits

Answer 9

1. descending palatine a.

2. greater/lesser palatine nn.

Question 10

posterior wall of PPF

Answer 10

spenoid bone, contains foramen rotundum (lateral), pterygoid canal (middle), and pharyngeal canal (medial)

Question 11

foramen rotundum transmits

Answer 11

maxillary n. (V2)

Question 12

pterygoid canal transmits

Answer 12

a. and n. of pterygoid canal

Question 13

pharyngeal canal transmits

Answer 13

pharyngeal a.v.n.

Question 14

branches of V2 (maxillary n.)

Answer 14

1. meningeal br.
2. zygomatic n.
3. posterior superior alveolar n.
4. infraorbital n.
5. ganglionic branches to pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 15

upper teeth supplied by

Answer 15

V2

1. posterior superior alveolar n.
2. middle and anterior superior alveolar nn. (branches of infraorbital n.)

Question 16

infranorbital n. supplies

Answer 16

1. upper lip
2. cheek
3. lateral nose
4. lower eyelid

Question 17

branches of V2 after pterygopalatine ganglion

Answer 17

1. posterior superior lateral nasal branches
2. n. of pterygoid canal (gives off greater and lesser palatine nn.)
3. pharyngeal br. of maxillary n.
4. nasopalatine n.
5. posterior inferior lateral nasal branch from greater palatine n.

Question 18

parasympathetic branches of facial n.

Answer 18

1. greater petrosal n.

2. chorda tympani

Question 19

n. of pterygoid canal composed of

Answer 19

1. greater petrosal n. (parasympathetic)

2. deep petrosal n. (sympathetic)

Question 20

parasympathetic inn. to lacrimal gland pathway

Answer 20

1. pregang. cell bodies: salivitory nucleus in brainstem
2. pregang. fibers: greater petrosal branch of CN VII
3. postgang. cell bodies: pterygopalatine ganglion
4. postgang. fibers: zygmatic branch of V2 and lacrimal branch of V2 (via communicating br.)

Question 21

parasympathetic inn. to mucus-secreting glands of palate, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses

Answer 21

1. pregang. cell bodies: salivitory nucleus in brainstem
2. pregang. fibers: greater petrosal branch of CN VII
3. postgang. cell bodies: pterygopalatine ganglion
4. postgang. fibers: various branches of V2

Question 22

clincal correlation of shared PS pathway to lacrimal gland and mucus secreting glands

Answer 22

lesion to pathway results in dry eye and dry nasal passages

Question 23

sympathetic inn. to lacrimal gland pathway

Answer 23

1. pregang. cell bodies: T1-T4 lateral horn
2. pregang. fibers: sympathetic chain
3. postgang. cell bodies: superior cervical ganglia
4. postgang. fibers: internal carotid n.

Question 24

hard palate components

Answer 24

1. maxillary bone

2. palatine bone

Question 25

soft palate components

Answer 25

1. palatine aponeurosis | 2. uvula

Question 26

5 aa. to palatine tonsilar bed (low yield)

Answer 26

1. facial a. 2. ascending pharyngeal a. - palatine bb. 3. ascending palatine a. - tonsillar b. 4. dorsal lingual a. (lingual a.) - tonsillar b. 5. lesser palatine a. - tonsillar b.

Question 27

venous drainage from palatine tonsils

Answer 27

paratonsillar v. to pharyngeal v.

Question 28

anterior tonsillar bed inn.

Answer 28

lesser palatine n. (GSA)

Question 29

posterior tonsillar bed inn.

Answer 29

CN IX (GVA)

Question 30

5 muscles of palate

Answer 30

1. palatoglossus 2. palatopharyngeus 3. tensor veli palatini 4. levator veli palatini 5. uvular muscle

Question 31

palatoglossus

Answer 31

soft palate to tongue. CN X. Swallowing

Question 32

palatopharyngeus

Answer 32

soft palate to thyroid cartilage. CN X. Swallowing

Question 33

tensor veli palatini

Answer 33

base of skull to soft palate. *V3, arch 1*. Tenses palate to give other palate muscle mechanical advantage. *Opens auditory tube*

Question 34

levator veli palatini

Answer 34

base of skull to soft palate. CN X, arch 4. Elevates palate.

Question 35

uvular muscle

Answer 35

pulls uvula up, swallowing. CN X.

Question 36

CN X lesion

Answer 36

1. ipsilateral sagging of soft palate arches | 2. contralateral deviation of uvula

Question 37

blood supply to palate

Answer 37

greater and lesser palatine aa.

Question 38

inn. to palate

Answer 38

All V2, GSA anterior: nasopalatine n. middle (majority): greater palatine n. posterolateral: lesser palatine n.