PPD 1 Flashcards
What is the difference between empathy and to sympathise with someone. Which is more useful for the practitioner in a therapeutic relationship and why?
Empathy- related to knowledge and experience which enables an understanding of a client’s problems. You don’t have to have the same feelings but you must be able to conceptualise them
Sympathy- feeling an emotion, feels for patient which is not needed
Empathy is more useful. Sympathy introverts the client further as it confirms the misery he is in and doesn’t help the client to escape them
Discuss the three important principles for the practitioner as outlined by Carl Rogers. Also referred to as the theory of person-centered therapeutic practice.
- Patient congruence- should be genuine, do not try and wear a make or take on a specific persona
- Unconditional Positive Regard- accepting a person for who they are without negative judgements
- Empathy- practitioner shows an understanding of what the client is talking about
Briefly describe the 4 stages of Kolb’s Reflective Cycle
EXPERIENCE, REVIEW, LEARN, APPLY
Stage 1- Experience: an event happens, it bothers you or intrigues you
Stage 2- Reflective Observation: you set aside time to record the event in writing and think about it. What was running through your mind at the time?
Stage 3- Abstract Conceptualisation: you try and make sense of it- explore it, research it, explain it.
Stage 4- Active Experimentation: you decide what (if anything) needs to be done about it.
What should you record in your Reflective journal for clinic?
- interesting or problematic moments in clinic
- what did you think at this moment
- actions that you need to consider
- does it highlight any need for additional learning?
- identify ways in which you could approach the incident differently next time
- reviewing your journal is helpful in identifying recurring issues
What skill or attitude should be a the heart of your professional development?
Self-directed learning, we are life-long learners
What do you think are the differences between a personal relationship and a therapeutic relationship?
Boundaries are different Focus on empathy and understanding rather than sympathy and feeling To maintain composure Congruence Unconditional positive regard Empathy
What role does empathy play in the therapeutic relationship?
The therapist understands and can conceptualise the client’s feelings without sympathising.
Not to immerse yourself in their experience and have a common human understanding of what they go through.
What are the steps of the reflective cycle?
Experience
Review- thinking about it afterwards
Understand-Trying to make sense of it
Learn- What should you be doing if anything about it
What is meant by structured reflection?
Making an intention to do a reflection on something that may be a little troubling. Reflection that has prompts, questions, activities or organized discussions to help you better understand an issue
Give one example of a follow up question. Using this example, explain why follow up questions are so important in case taking.
How long have you had this?
Follow up questions are important because they provide more detail and clues to identify cause
Name 3 elements of effective communication.
- Asking open questions and managing open and closed questions 2. Not using jargon be clear and straightforward language
- Active listening
- INTENTION willingness to help
- ATTENTION client is listening
- DUPLICATION client understands you
- establish mutual common ground
- use follow up questions
- think in terms of outcomes- what is the intended goal
- demonstrate flexibility
- check regularly for understanding
What is meant by an open question?
They ask the respondent to think and reflect
They will give you opinions and feelings of the client
They hand control of the conversation to the respondent
Name 4 entities that fund medical research
Pharmaceutical and food industry
Universities and medical schools
Hospitals
Charitable bodies
Independent industrial laboratories
You! Taxes, revenue from drug Rx you buy
What are some of the drawbacks of medical research?
External Validity of research
Bias
Confounding factors not fully disclosed (problems with the research themselves)
Conflict of Interest/ Commercial Interest
Unethical conduct of researchers
Name the three categories medical research may fall under
In vitro
In vivo
RCTs- randomised, double-blinded, placebo controlled trials
