Lecture 2- Foundations Of Western And Herbal Medicine: History And Philosophy Flashcards
Name three influences on western herbal medicine
- ancient world- Greece, Rome, Arab traditions and Celtic traditions China or Ayurveda
- pre- existing indigenous practice
- the New World- the Americas
- naturopathic traditions
- modern developments of 20th and 21st centuries
Why is Hippocrates important?
Father of science
First to come up with a coherent system of medicine based on observation and measurement
Why was the decline of the Roman Empire important in the development of medicine?
Galenic medicine was at its height and left depositories of Galenic medicine all over the world which allowed it to develop in its own right
Roman Empire seeded it’s medicine and then collapsed
What was important about the Italian city of Salerno
It was the bridgehead of Arab culture and sire of famous medical school of Salerno which turned out famous physicians like Avicenna
What is meant by “the Quack’s Charter”
Written by Henry VIII who was fed up with getting importuned by surgeons, physicians and apothecaries and decided what the hell anybody can have herbal medicine.
Legislation that made it possible to use plants in their own healing
Still exists
What is the “Doctrine of Signatures”?
How the look of the plant suggests what part of the body it’s useful for: a leaf that looks like a lung, walnut brain, red berry blood
Who was Samuel Thomson and what did he contribute to Western Herbal Medicine?
Pig farmer in
America self taught study of Hippocrates and Native American Healing
Developed his own system of medicine which spring the Eclectics and physiomedicalists
Why was Albert Isaac Coffin important to UK herbal medicine?
Arrived in 1839 and taught the physiomedicalists system which became the official system in Britain
Founded the National Association of Medical Herbalists which is now known as the National Institute of Medical herbalists
How best is the origin of western herbal medicine described
From the Ancient Greece, local indigenous practice and North American tradition
Name the origins and date of the first documented Material Medica
From the Ayurvedic traditions BCE200
How would you describe the evolution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to what it is know as today.
An aggregate of systems from Confucianism (BCE550)
Taoism (BCE400); first records appear in 4thC BCE from Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor’s classic)
Who was Asclepius
An Ancient Greek physician from BCE 1250 credited with “miraculous healings”.
What are the four elements of the Greek system of medicine and name the founder.
Air, fire, water, earth
Empedocles
Which ancient Greco-Roman philosophers (not physicians) are credited with laying the foundation of medicine for Hippocrates and Galen by explaining how the world works.
Empedocles & Aristotle
What are the four primary qualities and by whom were they assigned..
Hot, cold, dry, moist
Aristotle
Who created the first definite Western Materia Medica; when did he live and describe the contents of his work.
Pedanius Dioscorides, 1st century CE
Described 600 herbs in detail
Prototype model of herbal pharmacopoeia
This person was born in Pergamon (Syria) in 130CE, further developed Hippocratic medicine and was an early pioneer of surgery (on animals).
Claudius Galenus (Galen)
This Arab physician of 869CE emphasized the importance of diet and hygiene over drugs and introduced mercury for skin complaints.
Rhazez
This Arab physician advocated clean air, moderate diet, balance in work and rest, emotional positivity and the “evacuation of superfluities” aka detoxification.
Ibn Butlan of 1068CE
What part of Europe did the Arab physicians settle in the 1st century.
Salerno, Italy