Lecture 14 Horticulture Flashcards
Example of a plant that grows in the woodland and requires less light.
Wild garlic
Name a plant that grows on the riverbank thus requiring more water and acts as a vulnerary and astringent
Bistort
List the growing conditions horticulturists take into account when cultivating plants
Light, moisture, sun, soil pH
What aspect of soil affects drainage and water holding capacity.
Grain
List the three different types of soil and a few of its characteristics
Sand- largest grain, fast draining, minerals leech in heavy rain
Clay- smallest grain, slow draining, hardest in drought conditions
Silt- from river flooding has intermediate size grain
How do we modify soils to suit the plants needs.
Light Sandy soils are enriched and made more moisture retentive by adding organic matter (compost)
Heavy clay soils are more free draining by adding grit, small stone and organic mater
What is loam and the benefits of using this type of soil.
Loam is a blend of all 3 grain types.
- neither too fast draining or water retentive
- sufficient air for root respiration
- more nutrients and moisture
- ideal environment for invertebrates (worms) and beneficial bacteria
What are the pros and cons of peat.
Peat is partially decomposed vegetable matter saturated with water found in uplands and bogs
Fertile and drains well but low in nitrogen so will become saturated if too wet and shrink if too dry.
Should avoid using because peat lands are endangered environmental resource
How does acidic soil affect plant growth
Reduces plant breakdown. Organic matter produces organic acid which lowers pH.
What nutrients are found in alkaline soil? Which type of soil do plants prefer?
Calcium, magnesium, carbonate ions.
Slightly alkaline
The addition of which substances create a more alkaline soil. Give an example of a alkaline soil loving plant.
Dolomite, limestone, calcified seaweed
Yarrow
How do you lower soil pH? Name a plant that prefers slightly acidic soil
Organic matter
Echinaea
How does the pH of the soil affect Hydrangeas?
Acidic soil produces blue flowers
Alkaline soil changes blue flowers to pink
List three soil layers necessary for plant growth
Topsoil- decayed and decaying organic matter
Subsoil- lighter colour, fewer nutrients, reservoir for water and minerals
Bedrock- draining capacity depends on composition
To assess the soil in ones garden how far deep should one dig?
30cm
In what ways can the gardener feed the soil?
Compost Green manure Well rotten manure Fertilizer Mulches
What is green manure?
Green manures are grown then mown or dug in to the soil before they shed seeds.
Pea family plants are ideal: Medicago sati a (alfalfa), Trifolium pratense, Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek).
Name 4 natural fertilisers and their main contribution to soil
Seaweed- NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium)
Calcified seaweed- harvested from beds of coral algae
Natural rock- phosphates but inorganic and non-sustainable
Animal- bone meal and blood
What are the benefits and a few examples of mulches.
Suppress weeds
Retain moisture
Increase soil temperature
Add nutrients to soil
Mushroom compost
Wood clippings
Hay
Leaf mold
Define stratification
Exposing seeds to cold, stimulates passing though winter. Leave seeds covered outside during winter or store in fragile for 8 weeks. Plant thinks spring has arrived when taken out
Define scarification
Roughening the surface of seeds with very thick shells. Rub gently with sandpaper allowing water to penetrate outer seed layers