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PP Clues > PP Clues - GI > Flashcards

PP Clues - GI Flashcards

1
Q

Corkscrew XR

A

Esophageal spasm

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2
Q

Apple core XR

A

Cancer

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3
Q

Stacked coin XR

A

Intussusception

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4
Q

Abrupt cutoff in XR

A

Volvulus

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5
Q

Bird’s beak XR

A

Achalasia

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6
Q

String sign on XR

A

Pyloric Stenosis

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7
Q

Causes of Solid Dysphagia

A

Schatzki’s Rings
Strictures
Cancer

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8
Q

Schatzki’s Rings

A

LEW

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9
Q

Causes of Liquid Dysphagia

A

Scleroderma
Achalasia
Esophageal spasm

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10
Q

Barrett’s Esophagus

A

Metaplasia

Increased risk of adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

Esophageal Varicies

A

d/t Portal HTN

Vomit blood when they rupture

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12
Q

Mallory-Weiss

A

Chronic vomiters

Tear at LES mucosa

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13
Q

Boorhave’s Esophagus

A

Transmural rupture of the esophagus

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14
Q

Achalasia

A

Increased LES pressure
Decreased peristalsis
Loss of LES Auerbach’s plexus
Bird’s beak on XR

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15
Q

Hirschsprung’s

A

Congenital lack of Auerbach’s in the rectum

Newborn won’t pass meconium

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16
Q

Zenker’s Diverticulum

A

Above UES
Cough undigested food
Halitosis

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17
Q

Traction Diverticulum

A

Below UES

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18
Q

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

A

UEW
Spoon nails
d/t Iron deficiency anemia

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19
Q

TE Fistula (H-type)

A

Choke with each feeding

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20
Q

Esophageal Atresia with TE Fistula (C-type)

A

Vomit with 1st feeding

Huge gastric bubble

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21
Q

Duodenal Atresia

A

Bilious vomiting with 1st feeding
Double bubble
Down’s Syndrome

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22
Q

Pyloric Stenosis

A

Projectile (non-bilious) vomiting

RUQ olive sign

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23
Q

Choanal Atresia

A

Turns blue with feeding

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24
Q

Sclerodema

A

Decreased LES pressure

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25
Q

Esophageal Spasms

A

Increased peristalsis

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26
Q

RUQ Olive mass

A

Pyloric Stenosis

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27
Q

RLQ Sausage mass

A

Intussusception

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28
Q

Bezoar

A

Mass of undigestable material

Antrum obstruction

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29
Q

Type A Gastritis

A

AI
Anti-parietal cell Ab
Atrophic/Achlorhydria
Adenocarcinoma risk

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30
Q

Type B Gastritis

A

H. pylori

Spicy food

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31
Q

Duodenal Ulcer

A

Loss of barrier
Pain after meal and during night
Relieved by eating (weight gain)
Associated with H. pylori and Type O blood

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32
Q

Gastric Ulcer

A

Loss of barrier
Pain during meals
Associated with NSAIDs and Type A blood

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33
Q

Sliding Hiatal Hernia

A

Fundus slides through esophageal hiatus into thorax

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34
Q

Rolling Hiatal Hernia

A

Bowel protrudes through defect in diaphragm

Strangulates bowel

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35
Q

Menetrier’s Disease

A

Lose protein through thick rugal folds (generalized edema)

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36
Q

Constipation

A
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37
Q

Diarrhea

A

> 200g per day

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38
Q

Osmotic diarrhea

A

Watery

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39
Q

Cause of secretory diarrhea

A

Laxative use

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40
Q

Inflammatory

A

Blood and pus

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41
Q

Celiac Sprue

A

Jejunum
Wheat allergy
Villous atrophy
Anti-gluten/gliaden Ab

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42
Q

Tropical Sprue

A

Distal ileum

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43
Q

Mesenteric Ischemia

A

Pain out of proportion to exam

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44
Q

Bugs that cause bloody diarrhea

A 
CASES
Campylobacter
Ameoba (E. histolytica)
Shigella
E. coli
Salmonella
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45
Q

Cholangitis

A

Inflammation of Bile Duct

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46
Q

Charcot’s Triad

A

Jaundice
Fever
RUQ Pain

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47
Q

Reynold’s Pentad

A 
Jaundice
Fever
RUQ Pain
(+) Hypotension
(+) Change in mental status
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48
Q

Ascending Cholangitis

A

Common bile duct infection d/t stone

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49
Q

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

p-ANCA
Bile duct inflammation
Beading
Associated with UC

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50
Q

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A

Anti-mitochondrial Ab
Bile ductules destroyed
Xanthelasma

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51
Q

Cholestasis

A

Obstruction of bile duct
Pruritis
Increased alkaline phosphatase
Jaundice

52
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of gall bladder

Murphy sign

53
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Formation of gallstones

RUQ pain

54
Q

Choledocholithiasis

A

Gallstone obstructs bile duct

55
Q

MC Gallstone

A

Cholesterol

56
Q

Conjugated Bilirubin

A

Water soluble

Direct

57
Q

Unconjugated Bilirubin

A

Fat soluble

Indirect

58
Q

Signs of Alcoholic Cirrhosis

A

Spider angioma
Palmar erythema
Gynecomastia

59
Q

Hepatorenal Syndrome

A

Build up of liver toxins causing renal failure

60
Q

Xanthoma

A

Cholesterol build up in tendons

61
Q

High Cholesterol causes

A

Atherosclerosis

62
Q

Xanthelasma

A

Triglyceride buildup under eye

63
Q

High Triglycerides cause

A

Pancreatitis

64
Q

Type 1 Hyperlipidemia

A 
Bad LPL (liver)
High Chylomicrons
65
Q

Type 2A Hyperlipidemia

A

MC
Bad Clathrin Pit/B100 receptors
High LDL

66
Q

Type 2B Hyperlipidemia

A

Fewer LDL/VLDL receptors

High LDL and VLDL

67
Q

Type 3 Hyperlipidemia

A

Bad ApoE

High IDL and VLDL

68
Q

Type 4 Hyperlipidemia

A 
Bad LPL (adipose)
High VLDL
69
Q

Type 5 Hyperlipidemia

A

Bad C2
High VLDL and Chylomicrons
Associated with DM

70
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Takes triglycerides from GI to liver and endothelium

71
Q

VLDL

A

Takes triglycerides from liver to adipose

72
Q

IDL

A

Takes triglycerides from adipose to tissue

73
Q

LDL

A

Only one to carry cholesterol

74
Q

Breakdown product of VLDL

A

IDL and LDL

75
Q

Crigler-Najjar Type I

A

Unconjugated bilirubin buildup in infants

76
Q

Gilbert’s Syndrome

A

Stress leads to uncreased unconjugated bilirubin
Increased load saturates glucuronyl transferase
Deficiency in UDP-glucuronyl transferase

77
Q

Rotor’s

A

Bad bilirubin storage leads to increased conjugated bilirubin

78
Q

Dubin Johnson

A

Bad bilirubin excretion leads to increased conjugated bilirubin
Black liver

79
Q

Cullen’s Sign

A

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Bleeding around umbilicus

80
Q

Turner’s Sign

A

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Bleeding into flank

81
Q

Tests for Pancreatitis

A

Amylase (sensitive) - breaks down carbs

Lipase (specific) - breaks down triglycerides

82
Q

Ranson’s Criteria

A

Prognosis of pancreatitis

83
Q

Carcinoid Syndrome

A

Flushing
Wheezing
Diarrhea

84
Q

How to DX Carcinoid Syndrome

A

5HIAA in the urine

85
Q

MC primary location for Carcinoid Tumor

A

Appendix

86
Q

MC metastatic origin for Carcinoid Tumor

A

Small bowel

87
Q

MC metastatic sites for Carcinoid Tumor

A

Lung and Heart

88
Q

MC location for benign Carcinoid Tumor

A

Appendix

89
Q

Currant Jelly Sputum

A

Klebsiella

90
Q

Currant Jelly Stool

A

Intussusception

91
Q

Familial Polyposis

A

100% risk of colon cancer
APC defect
Begin colonoscopies at age 5

92
Q

Gardener’s Syndrome

A

Familial polyposis with bone tumors

93
Q

Turbot’s Syndrome

A

Familial polyposis with brain tumors

94
Q

Peutz-Jegher Syndrome

A

Hyperpigmented mucosa

95
Q

Chron’s Disease

A 
IBD with:
Cobblestones
Melena
Creeping fat
Fistulas
96
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A 
IBD with:
Pseudopolyps
Hematochezia
Lead pipe colon
Toxic megacolon
97
Q

Intussusception

A

Current jelly stool

Stacked coin on XR

98
Q

Diverticulosis presentation

A

Bleeds (painless)

99
Q

Diverticulitis presentation

A

LLQ pain

100
Q

Spastic Colon presentation

A

Intermittent severe cramps

101
Q

IBS presentation

A

Alternating diarrhea/constipation with HX of stress

102
Q

External Hemorrhoids presentation

A

Pain on defecation

103
Q

Internal Hemorrhoids presentation

A

No pain

104
Q

Pesudomembranous Colitis

A

Overgrowth of C. difficile d/t normal flora being killed off d/t over use of antibiotics

105
Q

Whipple’s Disease

A

T. whippelii destroys GI tract then spreads causing malabsorption and arthralgias
PAS (+)

106
Q

Color of Upper GI Bleed

A

Brown

107
Q

Color of Lower GI Bleed

A

Red

108
Q

Adds color to stool

A

Stercobilinogen oxidized to stercobilin

109
Q

Add color to urine

A

Urobilinogen oxidized to urobilin

110
Q

Default color of stool

A

Clay colored

111
Q

Default color of urine

A

Tea colored

112
Q

Risk Factors for Primary Liver Cancer

A 
Hep B and C
Aflatoxin
Vinyl Chloride
Alcohol
CCl4
Anyline dyes
Smoking
Hemochomatosis
Benzene
Schistosomiasis
113
Q

Risk Factors for Esophageal and Gastric Carcinoma

A

Smoking
Alcohol
Nitrates
Japanese

114
Q

Cause of Gastroenteritis within 8 hours of eating

A

Pre-formed toxin:
S. aureus (potato salad)
C. perfringens (turkey/ham)
B. cerus (fried rice)

115
Q

Bacteria associated with Colon Cancer

A

S. bovis

C. malangosepticus

116
Q

Hepatitis B labs during Window period

A

HBeAb (+)

HBcAb (+)

117
Q

Hepatitis B labs during acute recent infection

A

HBcAg (+)
HBsAg (+)
HBcAB (+)

118
Q

Hepatitis B labs within 2 weeks of immunization

A

HBsAg (+)

119
Q

Hepatitis B labs after more than 2 weeks of immunization

A

HBsAb (+)

120
Q

Hepatitis B labs of somebody with a previous infection who is now immune

A

HBcAb (+)

HBsAb (+)

121
Q

Hepatitis B labs of somebody who is currently infectious

A

HBeAg (+)

122
Q

Hepatitis B labs of a chronic carrier

A

HBsAg (+) for > 6 months

123
Q

Only Statin that is renaly excreted

A

Preavastatin

124
Q

Statins that need liver enzymes checked every 3 months

A

Atorvastatin
Lovastatin
Simvastatin

125
Q

MoA of Statins

A

Inhibit HMG CoA reductase

Most active around 8PM (take at this time for maximum efficacy)

PP Clues (14 decks)

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