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PP Clues > PP Clues - Cardiology > Flashcards

PP Clues - Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Organs with resistance in series

A

Liver and Kidney

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2
Q

Organs with resistance in parallel

A

Everything but liver and kidney

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3
Q

Organ with highest AV-O2 difference at rest

A

Heart

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4
Q

Organ with highest AV-O2 difference after exercise

A

Muscle

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5
Q

Organ with highest AV-O2 difference after a meal

A

GI

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6
Q

Organ with highest AV-O2 difference during an exam

A

Brain

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7
Q

Organ with the lowest AV-O2 difference

A

Kidney

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8
Q

Type A thoracic aortic dissection

A

Ascending aorta

Associated with cystic medial necrosis and syphilis

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9
Q

Type B thoracic aortic dissection

A

Descending aorta

Associated with trauma and atherosclerosis

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10
Q

Layers of a true aortic aneurysm

A

Intima, media, adventicia

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11
Q

Layers of a pseudo aortic aneurysm

A

Intima and media

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12
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

Systolic - Diastolic

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13
Q

Vessel with thickest layer of SM

A

Aorta

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14
Q

Vessels with the most SM

A

Arterioles

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15
Q

Vessels with the largest cross sectional area

A

Capillaries

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16
Q

Vessel with the highest compliance

A

Aorta

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17
Q

Vessels with the highest capacitance

A

Veins and venules

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18
Q

Max HR

A

220 - age

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19
Q

Stable Angina

A

Pain on exertion

Associated with atherosclerosis

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20
Q

Unstable Angina

A

Pain at rest

Associated with transient clots

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21
Q

Prinzmetal Angina

A

Intermittent pain at rest

Associated with coronary artery spasm

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22
Q

Stain to see Amyloidosis

A

Congo Red - apple green birefringence

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23
Q

Hemochomatosis

A

Iron deposition in organs

Hyperpigmentation, arthritis, DM

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24
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A 
Pressure equalized in all 4 chambers
Quiet precordium
No pulse or BP
Kussmaul's sign
Pulsus paradoxus (decreased systolic pressure > 10mmHg on inspiration)
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25
Q

Transudate

A

Effusion of mostly water
1 = Too much water (HF and renal failure)
2 = Not enough protein (cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome)

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26
Q

Exudate

A 
Effusion of mostly protein 
Purulent = bacteria
Hemorrhagic = trauma, cancer, PE
Fibrinous = collagen vascular disease, uremia, TB
Granulomatous = non-bacterial
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27
Q

Systole

A

Ventricular contaction
Decrease in blood flow to the coronary arteries
Increased O2 extraction

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28
Q

Diastole

A

Ventricular relaxation
Increase in blood flow to coronary arteries
Decreased O2 extraction

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29
Q

Only arteries with deoxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary and Umbilical

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30
Q

Murmur with Waterhammer Pulse

A

Aortic Regurgitation

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31
Q

Murmur with Pulsus Tardus

A

Aortic Stenosis

32
Q

Cardiomyopathy with Pulsus Alternans

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

33
Q

Disease with Pulsus Bigeminus

A

IHSS/HOCM

34
Q

Murmur with irregularly irregular pulse

A

AFib

35
Q

Murmur with regularly irregular pulse

A

PVCs

36
Q

Murmur radiates to carotids

A

Aortic

37
Q

Murmur radiates to axilla

A

Mitral

38
Q

Murmur radiates to back

A

Pulmonary

39
Q

Boot shaped XR

A

RVH

40
Q

Banana shaped XR

A

IHSS/HOCM

41
Q

Egg shaped XR

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

42
Q

Snowman shaped XR

A

TAPVR

43
Q

3 shaped XR

A

Coarctation of aorta

44
Q

Osler Weber Rendu

A

AVM in lung, gut, CNS

Sequester platelets leading to telangiectasias

45
Q

Von Hippel Lindau

A

AVM in head and retina

Increased risk of renal carcinoma

46
Q

When valves make noise

A

When they close

47
Q

Valves that make noise at the start of systole

A

M and T (S1)

48
Q

Murmurs that occur during systole

A 
Holo/pansystolic = MR, TR, VSD
Ejection = AS, PS
49
Q

Valves that make noise at the start of diastole

A 
Blowing = AR, PR
Rumbling = MS, TS
50
Q

Continuous Bruit

A

PDA and AVM

51
Q

Friction rub while breathing

A

Pleuritis

52
Q

Friction rub while holding breath

A

Pericarditis

53
Q

Mid-Systolic Click

A

MVP

54
Q

Ejection Click

A

AS, PS

55
Q

Opening Snap

A

MS, TS

56
Q

S2 Splitting

A

Normal on inspiration

Pulmonic valve closes later

57
Q

Wide S2 Split

A

Increased O2
Increased RV volume
Delayed PV opening
RBBB

58
Q

Fixed, Wide S2 Split

A

ASD

59
Q

Paradoxical S2 Split

A

Aortic Stenosis
LBBB
Aortic valve closes after Pulmonic

60
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

Pulmonary HTN –> RV failure

61
Q

Eisenmenger’s

A

Pulmonary HTN –> reversal of L to R shunt to R to L shunt

62
Q

Transposition of Great Arteries

A

Aorticopulmonary septum did not spiral

63
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Overriding aorta
PS
RVH
VSD

64
Q

Truncus Arteriosus

A

Spiral membrane didn’t develop (NC origin)

One A/P trunk (mixed blood)

65
Q

Epstein’s Anomaly

A

Tricuspid valve sits low –> large RA

Teratogenic effects of Lithium

66
Q

Cinchonism

A

Hearing loss
Tinitus
Thrombocytopenia

67
Q

Cyanotic Heart Diseases

A 
Transposition of Great Arteries
Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus Arteriosus 
Tricuspid/Aortic/Pulmonic Atresia
TAPVR
Hypoplastic Left Heart syndrome
Epstein's Anomaly
68
Q

Machine-like Murmur

A

PDA

AVM

69
Q

Heart Block Clues

A

Pain or Fever with a normal HR (HR should increase by 10 for every degree increase)

70
Q

Ion important for P-wave

A

Ca2+

71
Q

Ion important for QRS

A

Na+

72
Q

Ion important for T-wave

A

K+

73
Q

Ion important for U-wave

A

K+

74
Q

MC non-cyanotic congenital heart disease

A

VSD
ASD
PDA
Coarctation of Aorta

75
Q

MI Enzymes

Appear, Peak, Disappear

A

Troponin I (2 hrs, 2 days, 7 days)
CKMB (6 hrs, 12 hrs, 2 days)
LDH (1 day, 2 days, 3 days)

PP Clues (14 decks)

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