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VIROLOGY Practice Questions > Poxviridae > Flashcards

Poxviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 subfamilies of family Poxviridae?

A

Chordopoxvirinae

Entopoxvirinae

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2
Q

Which genus of Poxviridae appears

ovoid in shape with long threadlike surface tubules arranged in a criss-cross pattern like a “ball of yarn”?

A

Genus Parapoxvirus

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3
Q

Poxviruses have ________ symmetry

with a dumbell shaped core and 2 lateral bodies

A

complex symmetry

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4
Q

What are the 2 important viral particles found in Poxviruses?

A

**EEV **(Extracellular Enveloped Virus)

and

**IMV **(Intracellular Mature Virus)

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5
Q

T/F:

Both EEV and IMV poxvirus particles are infectious

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Which viral particle of poxviruses is released by budding and has 2 membranes?

A

EEV

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7
Q

Which viral particle of poxviruses is released by cell lysis and has 1 membrane?

A

IMV

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8
Q

Describe the genome of Poxviruses

A

Linear DSDNA

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9
Q

The smallest genus of Poxviridae is

A

Parapoxvirus

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10
Q

The largest genus of *Poxviridae *is

A

Entomopoxvirus

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11
Q

What is special about how viruses in Poxviridae replicate?

A

Poxviridae is a DNA virus

that can replicate

in the cytoplasm

because they have evolved to encode enzymes for transcription and replication

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12
Q

Antigenic characteristics of Poxviridae include

NP nucleoprotein and genetic recombination within genus.

ONLY one genus of Poxviridae has antigenic hemagglutinin (HA)

which is it?

A

Orthopoxviruses

have HA

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13
Q

How does the **stability **of Poxviridae differ from other enveloped viruses?

A

Unlike other enveloped viruses, Poxviridae is

extremely stable in the environment

and can remain infectious for months, as well as survive for years in dried scabs

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14
Q

Which Poxvridae genus can be transmitted via the respiratory route?

A

Capripoxvirus (sheeppox)

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15
Q

*Poxviridae *is highly ___________, meaning it causes cutaneous skin lesions

A

epitheliotropic

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16
Q

Most genuses of family *Poxviridae *are host-specific

EXCEPT for genus ____________

A

Orthopoxvirus

infects many species

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17
Q

Describe the summary of skin lesions typically seen in Poxviruses

A

Macule → Papule → Vesicle → Pustule → Scab or Ulcer → Scar

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18
Q

What is the difference between a **macule **and a papule?

A

A macule is a flat red lesion of local inflammation,

A papule is a raised red lesion indicative of invasion of neighboring tissues

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19
Q

Which comes first, a vesicle or a pustule?

A

vesicle

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20
Q

If this bursts, an ulcer is formed

A

If a pustule ruptures, an ulcer is formed

otherwise, the pustule remains intact and a scab forms

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21
Q

Cowpox, Monkeypox, Smallpox, Camelpox, Ectromelia, Horsepox, Rabbitpox,

*Uasin Gishu Virus, Ectromelia virus, *and Vaccinia virus

are all virus species belonging to this genus

A

Genus Orthopoxvirus

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22
Q

T/F:

Cowpox, a species of Orthopoxvirus is COMMON in cows

A

FALSE!

*Cowpox *is UNCOMMON in cows!

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23
Q

________ is endemic in Europe and Asia only, while

_________ is confined mostly to remote villages in central and west Africa

Hint: Both are species of Orthopoxvirus

A

Cowpox is endemic to **Europe **and Asia

and

Monkeypox is found in remote villages of Africa

24
Q

Rodents serve as a reservoir host in this virus endemic to Europe and Asia only

A

Cowpox

25
Q

*Cowpox *mostly infects ______, Humans, and Zoo animals

A

Cats

26
Q

A newly partruitioned cow had been seen hanging out with an orange farm cat.

After about 5 days, the cow started acting mildly febrile, and developed lesions on her teats. Her suckling calf then developed lesions in its mouth.

Later, it was noticed that this cow had a decreased milk yield.

What are your 5 DDx for these symptoms?

A
  • Cowpox*
  • Pseudocowpox*
  • Bovine Herpesvirus*
  • Vesicular stomatitis*
  • Udder Impetigo *(bacterial dermatitis)
27
Q

A newly partruitioned cow had been seen hanging out with an orange farm cat.

After about 5 days, the cow started acting mildly febrile, and developed lesions on her teats. Her suckling calf then developed lesions in its mouth.

Later, it was noticed that this cow had a decreased milk yield.

The farmer calls you back and you find out new information.

The cow is from eastern europe, and histology shows the HA hemagglutinin antigen. What is your definitive diagnosis?

A

Only Orthopoxviruses have the HA antigen, so this cow is suffering from

Cowpox

28
Q

Your outdoor cat came in one day with a single lesion on his head.

After 8 days, several other lesions appeared and about 2 days after that,

the lesions turned into *discrete, circular and ulcerated papules *about 1 cm diameter.

After a while, you noticed he had a stuffy nose, or mild coryza and some conjunctivitis.

What is your diagnosis?

Can you get this virus from your cat? What symptoms should you look for in yourself?

A

Cowpox (Orthopoxvirus) infection via a rodent or arthropod bite from being outside

YES, this virus is zoonotic and symptoms you may experience are

  • macropapular lesions on your hands and face*
  • enlarged and painful local lymph nodes*
  • fever, vomiting, and sore throat*
29
Q

What virus should you be worried about if treating

monkeys in remote villages in central and west Africa**?

A

Monkeypox (Orthopoxvirus)

30
Q

Genus Parapoxvirus includes what 3 species of viruses?

A
  • Pseudocowpox*
  • Contagious Ecthyma (ORF virus)*
  • Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus*
31
Q

A newly partruitioned cow had been seen hanging out with an orange farm cat.

After about 5 days, the cow started acting mildly febrile, and developed lesions on her teats. Her suckling calf then developed lesions in its mouth.

Later, it was noticed that this cow had a decreased milk yield.

The farmer tells you that he is from Canada and is seeing “horse-shoe shaped ring lesions” on his cow where the scabs have dropped off. Histology has shown an ovoid shaped virus with a criss-cross pattern on its surface, much like a ball of yarn. What is your diagnosis?

A

Pseudocowpox species of virus of genus Parapoxvirus

32
Q

T/F:

The term “Milker’s Nodules” refers to human infection by *Cowpox, *a species of genus Orthopoxvirus

A

FALSE!!

“Milker’s Nodules” refers to Pseudocowpox, a species of genus Parapoxvirus

33
Q
  • Contagious Ecthyma* is also known as
  • Scabby mouth, Contagious pustular dematitis, and sore mouth*.

But what is it most commonly known as?

A

ORF!

(parapoxvirus)

34
Q

A shepherd with a flock of new sheep has noticed that all of the baby lambs in his flock have these lesions in their mouths. Out of all the dams, only a few have started showing lesions in the commissures of their mouths, at the mucocutaneous junction and a few look like they have lesions on their teats. The shepherd is concerned because this virus seems to be spreading extremely rapidly.

What is your diagnosis? What may have caused this virus?

A

*Contagious Ecthyma *or ORF

Because it is a new flock, the shepherd probably used

instruments to dock and ear-tagging pliers that were contaminated.

A scab from the environment could have also caused it.

35
Q

A shepherd with a flock of new sheep has noticed that all of the baby lambs in his flock have these lesions in their mouths. Out of all the dams, only a few have started showing lesions in the commissures of their mouths, at the mucocutaneous junction and a few look like they have lesions on their teats. The shepherd is concerned because this virus seems to be spreading extremely rapidly.

The shepherd is concerned about his friend’s flock in the neighboring town and asked if you would vaccinate his flock as well.

What will you tell this shepherd?

A

That **NO, you will NOT vaccinate his friend’s flock **because you

are not supposed to use in farms or flocks that do not already have problems with

ORF/ Contagious Ecthyma

36
Q

A shepherd with a flock of new sheep has noticed that all of the baby lambs in his flock have these lesions in their mouths. Out of all the dams, only a few have started showing lesions in the commissures of their mouths, at the mucocutaneous junction and a few look like they have lesions on their teats. The shepherd is concerned because this virus seems to be spreading extremely rapidly.

How will you confirm with histology that this is ORF or Contagious Ecthyma?

A

Because ORF/ Contagious Ecthyma is a parapoxvirus,

the virus will look like a ball of yarn.

37
Q

A shepherd with a flock of new sheep has noticed that all of the baby lambs in his flock have these lesions in their mouths. Out of all the dams, only a few have started showing lesions in the commissures of their mouths, at the mucocutaneous junction and a few look like they have lesions on their teats. The shepherd is concerned because this virus seems to be spreading extremely rapidly.

Should the shepherd be worried about contracting this from his sheep?

A

It is ORF/ Contagious Ecthyma

so YES, he should be worried and treated.

38
Q

What are the 3 species of viruses classified as Genus Capripoxvirus**?

A
  • Sheeppox*
  • Goatpox*
  • Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle*
39
Q

How do you tell the difference between *Sheeppox *and Goatpox using serology?

A

TRICK!

You can’t

40
Q

Sheep and Goatpox are endemic to which regions?

A

Africa

Asia

Europe

41
Q

A farmer in Africa with a mixed flock of non-native merino sheep and african local breed of sheep, has noticed that his favorite sheep Buttercup

is exhibiting signs of depression, salivation, watery eyes, and runny nose. Her eyes seem swollen. The local vet is out of town so it will take you 4 days to get there. After 4 days, almost 75% of the merino flock is exhbiting the same symptoms, and almost all the baby lambs have died. But amazingly, the local sheep seem unaffected. Buttercup is now showing lesions on her phaynx, larynx, and vagina, and these lesions are leaving a star-shaped scar.

What is your diagnosis?

A

Malignant form of sheeppox (Capripoxvirus)

42
Q

A farmer in Africa with a mixed flock of non-native merino sheep and african local breed of sheep, has noticed that his favorite sheep Buttercup

is exhibiting signs of* depression, salivation, watery eyes, and runny nose*. Her eyes seem swollen. The local vet is out of town so it will take you 4 days to get there. After 4 days, almost 75% of the merino flock is exhbiting the same symptoms, and almost all the baby lambs have died. But amazingly, the local sheep seem unaffected. Buttercup is now showing lesions on her phaynx, larynx, and vagina, and these lesions are leaving a star-shaped scar.

What is the first thing you should do upon figuring out that this is Sheeppox?

A

REPORT IT IMMEDIATELY!

43
Q

There is a flat, hemorrhagic form of _________ in some European Goats with a high case fatality rate

A

Goatpox

44
Q

A herd of cattle in Iraq has been experiencing

fever, mutiple nodular lesions on their skin and mucous membranes, and have enlarged lymph nodes.

This virus is enzootic to subsaharan africa and the middle east.

What virus is causing these symptoms, and what is the protocol for treatment?

A

Lumpy Skin Disease (Capripoxvirus)

Unfortunately, you must slaughter all infected and in-contact cattle

:(

45
Q

The owner of a piggery has noticed lesions on the abdomen and inner thighs of some of his younger pigs. A few pigs look a little greasy with exudative lesions.

One mother pig had piglets recently and all of her piglets now have lesions covering their entire body, including some lesions in the upper respiratory tract!

What is causing this virus, and what is the virus called?

A

Swinepox (Genus Suipoxvirus)

caused by

pig louse Hematopinus suis

46
Q

This virus can occur in 3 different forms:

Dry (cutaneous) form

Diptheritic (wet) form

Ocular form

A

Fowlpox (Genus Avipoxvirus)

47
Q

This is the first virus ever grown in embryonated eggs

A

Fowlpox (Avipoxvirus)

48
Q

Which form of Avipoxvirus/Fowlpox

is the most common?

A

Cutaneous (DRY) form

49
Q

Which form of Avipoxvirus/ Fowlpox

has the worst prognosis? How do these animals die?

A

Diptheritic (WET) form

Chickens die from asphyxiation when the lesions coalesce and form a necrotic pseudomembrane

50
Q

How is Avipoxvirus/Fowlpox

controlled?

A

With vaccination with a modified live fowlpox

and by control the most common vector of transmission, mosquitoes

51
Q

Which unclassified sheep virus has 2 clinical forms:

Lip and Leg Ulceration Form

Veneral Form- Balanoposthitis

A

Ulcerative Dermatosis of Sheep

52
Q

Most poxviruses have this slightly basophilic characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusion body

A

Type B Guarnieri Inclusion Bodies

53
Q

What type of intracytoplasmic, strongly eosinophilic inclusion bodies will you see

in the histology of Cowpox and Ectromelia virus?

A

Type A ATI

Inclusion Bodies

54
Q

Avipoxviruses are the ONLY poxviruses with this

characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusion body

A

Bollinger and Borrel Bodies

55
Q

You can diagnose most poxviruses using inoculation into an embryonated egg

(CAM) technique. Which poxvirus will not grow in the chicken embryo?

A

Parapoxviruses

(Pseudocowpox, Contagious Ecthyma/ORF, and Bovine Papular Stomatitis)

VIROLOGY Practice Questions (11 decks)

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