Papillomaviridae Flashcards
Describe the genome of Papillomaviridae
Circular DSDNA
nonenveloped, can be oncogenic
Papillomaviuses produce _______ on the skin and mucuous membranes of most animal species
WARTS
Benign neoplasms that hyperplastic epithelial growths that generally regress spontaneously
WARTS
T/F:
Benign warts may progress to malignancy
True
Example: HPV can cause cervical carcinoma in women
Papillomaviruses infect __________ in the ________ layer of the epithelium
Papillomaviruses infect keratinocytes in the basal layer of the epithelium
Virus accumulation is most noticeable in the _________ __________ layer of epithelium
stratum granulosum
Virions of Papillomaviruses are typically shed from the ________-most layers of epithelium
upper-most
In *Papillomaviruses *
benign warts have ___________ (unintegrated) DNA
EPISOMAL
In Papillomaviruses
malignant cancers have DNA that is _________ into the host DNA,
INTEGRATED
This means integration is necessary for malignant transformation
In Papillomaviruses
integration disrupts one of the early genes, _______, which is a viral repressor
E2
is a viral repressor
Which 2 viral oncogenes in Papillomaviruses
remain intact and cause the malignant transformation
The viral oncogenes are
E6 and E7
What is the job of viral oncogene E6 in Papillomaviruses?
**E6 **prevents p53 from doing apoptosis on damaged cells
What is the job of viral oncogene **E7 **in Papillomaviruses?
E7 binds to Rb and prevents it from stopping damaged cell proliferation
Bovine Papillomaviruses can affect these 2 species
Cows and Horses too!
Intestinal papillomas are caused by Type _____ Bovine Papillomavirus
Type 4
Sarcoids in horses are caused by which 2 Papillomaviruses?
Bovine papillomavirus 1 and 2
cause sarcoids in horses
Which species of animal is known to get oral papilloma Type 1?
DOGS!
Type _____ Canine Papillomavirus causes endophytic papillomas
Type 2
Warts are more commonly seen in _________ than in any other domestic species
bovines
Benign warts that present as large, cauliflower-like growths with a
fibrous core covered with stratified squamous epithelium
with the outer layers keratinized
Fibropapillomas
Which types of Bovine Papillomaviruses cause
fibropapillomas?
Bovine Papillomaviruses
**1, 2, **and 5
cause
fibropapillomas (cauliflower growths)
Fibropapillomas are found frequently on the penis
but NOT on the prepuce in this species
Young Bulls
get fibropapillomas on their penises, but NOT their prepuces
*Bovine Papillomavirus *Type 3 causes _______ papillomas
cutaneous
What is the difference between a fibropapilloma and a cutaneous papilloma?
Cutaneous papillomas lack a fibrous core
and fibropapillomas are caused by Bovine Types 1, 2, and 5
while cutaneous papillomas are caused by Bovine Type 3 only
Bracken Fern is associated with Bovine Papillomavirus Type ______
Bracken Fern is associated with Type 4
Type 4 Bovine Papillomavirus can cause invasive carcinoma of the
__________ tract
alimentary** tract cancer**
caused by Type 4
which is associated with Bracken Fern ingestion
This plant contains carcinogens, mutagens, and immunosuppressive chemicals
that can cause cancer in cows that eat it
BRACKEN FERN
BEWAREEEEEEE
In cattle that eat bracken fern, Bovine Papillomavirus Types ____ & ____
may contribute to the syndrome of enzootic hematuria
that is characterized by bloody urine and/or urinary bladder cancer
In cattle that eat bracken fern, Bovine Papillomavirus Types 1 & 2
may contribute to the syndrome of enzootic hematuria
that is characterized by bloody urine and/or urinary bladder cancer
Which 3 types of Bovine Papillomaviruses are associated in any way with bracken fern?
Type **4 **(cause transient papillomas in the alimentary tract)
Types 1 & 2 (contribute to enzootic hematuria)
What 3 agents can be used to treat Bovine Papillomaviruses?
**Podophyllin **and DMSO topical agents
or
Bovine Interferon-a
In Canine Oral Papillomatosis,
Warts usually begin on the _____ and can spread to the
*buccal mucosa, tongue, palate, *and pharynx
lips
Canine Oral Papillomatosis
is characterized histologically
in what 2 ways?
Canine Oral Papillomatosis
is characterized by
epithelial hyperplasia
and
cytoplasmic vacuolization (koilocytosis)
What is koilocytosis?
Koilocytosis is the **cytoplasmic vacuolization **seen histologically in dogs infected with Canine Oral Papillomatosis
T/F:
Canine Oral Papillomatosis can progress to squamous cell carcinoma
TRUE
it is rare but it can happen
In dogs, clinical signs of _______________
include **halitosis, ptyalisms (hypersalivation), **and hemorrhage
Canine Oral Papillomatosis
T/F:
*Canine Oral Papillomatosis *can cause ocular warts
TRUE!
- Canine Oral Papillomatosis* can cause **ocular warts **on the
- conjunctiva, cornea, and eyelid margins*
Dogs that have recovered from Canine Oral Papillomatosis
are ________ to reinfection
refractory
T/F:
Secondary bacterial infection occurs with Canine Oral Papillomatosis
TRUE
T/F:
Autogenous Vaccine are effective in treating Canine Oral Papillomatosis
FALSE
efficacy is doubtful at best
The most common neoplasm in horses is
SARCOIDS
Locally invasive benign fibroblastic skin tumors that do not metastasize
SARCOIDS
Sarcoids are associated with *Bovine Papillomavirus *Types ___ & ___
**1 **and 2
Breeds of horses that are susceptible to sarcoids include
Arabians
Appaloosas
American Quarter Horses
AAA are susceptible!
These 2 breeds of horses are not susceptible to sarcoids
Standardbreds
Thoroughbreds
Thoroughbreds & Standardbreds
are
NOT SUSCEPTIBLE
Sarcoid lesions usually occur in previously __________ areas
traumatized
T/F:
Horses can develop ocular and palpebral sarcoids
TRUE
Sarcoids look just like proud flesh except for that sarcoids….
are seen at sites of previous injury!
