Adenoviridae Flashcards
Describe the morphology of Family Adenoviridae
Non-enveloped
hexagonal outline
icosahedral symmetry
Describe the genome of Family Adenoviridae
Non-segmented linear DSDNA
Viruses of Family Adenoviridae replicate in the
nucleus
Intranuclear inclusion bodies often in _________ arrays,
are typical of viruses of Family Adenoviridae
para-crystalline arrays
T/F:
Viruses of Family Adenoviridae display hemadsorption
FALSE!
Viruses of Family Adenoviridae hemagglutinate RBCs
Viruses of Family Adenoviridae are _______ in the environment,
but are _____ to inactivate with disinfectants
Viruses of Family Adenoviridae are stable in the environment
but are easy! to inactivate with disinfectants
Most *Adenoviruses *have ________ host ranges
narrow host ranges
_____ and _____ proteins of the capsid of *Adenoviruses *are toxic to cells
Penton and Fiber proteins
are TOXIC
How do Adenoviruses cause immunosuppression in their hosts?
Adenoviruses encode proteins that suppress host immune and inflammatory responses
Adenovirus proteins E3/19K inhibit
E3/19K inhibit transport by class 1 major histocompatibility antigen
*Adenovirus *protein E3/14.7K inhibit ___________ which is supposed to induce apoptosis
TNF is inhibited by E3/14.7K
Adenoviruses inhibit host cell interferon
and modulates antiviral inflammatory response by inhibiting
the transcriptional activity of __________
nuclear factor kB (NF k B)
Adenoviruses have _____ periods of latency
LONG
Where do Adenoviruses remain latent in the host body?
Adenoviruses lay latent in
lymphoid tissue
Tonsils, Adenoids, & Peyer’s Patches
Adenoviruses like to TAP then lay latent in lymphoids
Adenoviruses become reactivated in ___________ animals
immunocompromised
Some Adenoviruses can be oncogenic.
Oncogenic Adenovirus proteins are
_____ & _____
E1A and E1B
*Adenovirus *oncogenic protein E1A inactivates ___ protein
E1A inactivates Rb protein in host
*Adenoviruses *oncogenic protein E1B inactivates host cell protein ____
E1B inactivates host cell protein p53
Mammalian Adenoviruses come from genus ________
Mastadenovirus
Genus *Mastadenovirus *mammalian Adenoviruses
have ____________ that projects from each vertex
a single penton fiber
Which genus of Adenovirus has bifurcated penton fibers?
Genus Aviadenovirus
bird adenoviruses
_______________
causes Infectious Canine Hepatitis
aka Rubarth’s Disease
Canine Adenovirus 1
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) should be differentiated from
Canine __________
Distemper
**Ferrets **are resistant to _____ but susceptible to ______
so if you wanted to distinguish the 2, the ferret developing mucopurulent ocular discharge was exposed to ________
Ferrets are resistant to **Infectious Canine Hepatitis **but susceptible to Canine Distemper
Ferrets with mucopurulent ocular discharge were exposed to Canine Distemper
*Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) *
can infect dogs and _____
BEARS!!!
rawrrrr
*Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) * is found in
_____ secretions
ALL
*Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) * is shed in ______ for
6 - 9 months after acute infection
URINE
T/F:
Ectoparasites can habor *Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) *
TRUE
The most common route of infection with *Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) *
is the __________ route
oronasal route
What are the 3 sites of virus replication of
*Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) *?
Macrophages
Kuppfer Cells
Hepatocytes
Can I Have 1 Michael Kors Handbag?
When tracing the pathogenesis of *Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) *,
Initially, the virus infects the tonsils
then the cervical lymph nodes
then the thoracic duct
where it turns into a viremia and enters the blood.
What are its 4 main targets after viremia?
Kidney
Liver
Lungs
Spleen
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) KiLLS its targets
In regards to antibody titer levels against Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
a level of >500 means what?
>500
means the animal has
sufficient virus titers
and will show no clinical evidence of disease
In regards to antibody titer levels against Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
a titer level of >500 by day 7 post infection
means what?
>500 by day 7 post infection
means that the animal has
cleared the virus from blood and liver
and restricted hepatic damage
In regards to antibody titer levels against Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
persistently low antibody titers (<4)
will lead to
persistently low antibody titers (<4)
will lead to
widespread hepatic necrosis
In regards to antibody titer levels against Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
partial immunity titer (16 - 500) may result in
__________ & _____________
partial immunity titer (16 - 500)
may result in
chronic active hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis
_________ is common in
**chronic cases **of Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
Cirrhosis of the liver
in chronic cases
In Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
**acute infections **of the **kidney **cause _____________
acute infections of the **kidney **
cause
Glomerulonephritis
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
can cause
chronic kidney lesions that result from
_______________ reactions
immune complex reactions
Occurring in about **20% **of Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
natural infections, but less than 1% of vaccinated dogs,
this ocular lesion of corneal edema is often known as
BLUE EYE
During viremia Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) enters the eye
via the _______ tract
uveal tract
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) localizes in _______ endothelium and
causes mild uveitis
choroid epithelium
By days 4 - 6 post infection, Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
enters the _______________ from the blood and
replicates in corneal epithelial cells
aqueous humor
by day 4 - 6 post infection
In regards to ocular lesions of corneal edema (Blue Eye) caused by CAV-1
what happens by day 7 post infection?
By day 7 post infection
Severe anterior uveitis
and
Corneal edema (Blue Eye)
develops!!!
Trace the ocular pathogenesis of days 1-7 post infection with
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
Viremia > Uveal tract entry > Localizes in choroid, uveitis > entry into aqueous humor > replication in corneal endothelial cells > Severe anterior uveitis & Corneal Edema (Blue eye) develop
CAV-1 antibody production increases and forms viral antibody ________ complexes
This results in complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis which causes
extensive damage to __________ endothelium
Disruption of intact endothelium allows _______ to enter the cornea
Accumulation of edematous fluid within the ___________ results in corneal edema
CAV-1 antibody production increases and forms viral antibody **immune **complexes
This results in complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis which causes
extensive damage to corneal endothelium
Disruption of intact endothelium allows aqueous humor to enter the cornea
Accumulation of edematous fluid within the** corneal stroma** results in corneal edema
In regards to ocular lesions and edema in Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
what happens during days 8 - 21 post infection?
Day 8 - 21 post infection is when the
- macrophages are removing immune complexes and the corneal endothelium *
- is regenerating*
- This reestablishes the hydrostatic gradient and *
- clears the corneal edema*
T/F:
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a complication of
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1) that occurs because the diseased liver is unable to remove activated clotting factors
TRUE!
The prognosis of Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
is WORSE if there is a concurrent infection with
these 2 viruses
*Parvovirus *or Distemper
T/F:
Icterus is a common symptom of acute Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
FALSE!!
Icterus is UNCOMMON in Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
A dog comes into your clinic presenting with a fever of 105F.
He is vomiting, and petechial hemorrhages are seen in his oral mucosa.
He has enlarged tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, and some edema submandibularly.
After putting him on an IV and reestablishing fluids, he seems to be getting better, but there is a cloudiness starting in his eyes.
What is your diagnosis?
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
Corneal Edema and Anterior Uveitis is a sign of
______ ______
in an animal infected with
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
clinical recovery
Encephalitis is more common in this species
when infected with
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
FOXES!
“Paint Brush Hemorrhages” on the
gastric serosa, lymph nodes, thymus, pancreas, and subQ tissues
is pathognomonic for
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
From where do you isolate the virus
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1)
You isolate CAV-1 from the urine
There are two types of vaccines that have been used in treatment of
Infectious Canine Hepatitis (CAV-1).
Both are attenuated live viruses, but one uses **CAV-1 **and the other uses CAV-2
Which one is preferentially used because it will not produce corneal opacities or uveitis and will not cause the virus to be shed in the urine
**CAV-2 **attenuated virus vaccine
Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis is also known as Kennel Cough
and can be caused by 2 viruses. Which viruses can cause it?
Canine Adenovirus 2
and
Bordatella bronchiseptica (primary)
Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (CAV-2)
Comes in two forms. One is “uncomplicated” and the other is “complicated”
What clinical signs will you see in the “uncomplicated” form?
Uncomplicated Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (CAV-2)
harsh dry coughing followed by wretching and gagging
Coughs that sound “high-pitched” or “honking”
Rhinitis, nasal discharge, and maybe conjunctivitis
Complicated **Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (CAV-2)
can cause severe __________
and is life threatening!
pneumonia
In a dog with Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (CAV-2)
you can induce a cough by gently palpating the
________ or ________
larynx or trachea
What is the standard treatment for a dog with
Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (CAV-2)
aka
Kennel cough?
Cough suppressants + bronchodilators
T/F:
A live-attenuated virus is used to prevent
Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (CAV-2)
TRUE!
Equine Adenovirus is caused by **EAV-1 **and EAV-2.
Which one is associated with SCID foals?
EAV-1 is associated with the severe respiratory disease in SCID foals
SCID foals are immunodeficient because there is a
mutation in the allele that encodes for a DNA-dependent protein kinase that is needed for lymphocyte _______ recombination
V(D)J recombination
is essential for expression of antigen receptors on B and T lymphocytes
What are **clinical signs **of EAV-1 in SCID foals?
Severe bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Respiratory distress
Diffuse lung consolidation
Equine Adenovirus 1
in SCID foals destroy the cells of
which organs primarily?
Pancreas
GI tract
Kidney
Bladder
Avian Adenoviruses can cause EGG DROP SYNDROME in which 2 species of bird?
Chicken
Turkey
Marble Spleen Disease is pathognomonic for Avian Adenovirus in this species of bird
Pheasants
