Power, Status and Hierarchy in Sport Flashcards

1
Q

What is hierarchy defined as by Magee and Galinsky in 2008?

A

Implicit or explicit rank order of individuals or groups with respect to valued social dimension

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2
Q

What is rank in reference to hierarchy?

A

Where an individual falls within the hierarchy

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3
Q

What is valued social dimension in reference to hierarchy?

A

A behaviour signifying dominancy - overpowering opponent

Skill/trait that is considered ideal

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4
Q

How is social status measured?

A

Through opinion or reputation

Some physical features, hormone levels, behaviours can be used to predict a persons social status

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5
Q

What is high social status associated with?

A

Admiration and respect

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6
Q

What can be used to infer social status?

A

Power - contextual trait that implies control

Dominance - behaviour/trait associated with ability to acquire resources –> create disparity of power

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7
Q

What are the dimensions that can be used to determine a hierarchy?

A

Power
Status
Participation

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8
Q

What traits are associated with Sociable Dominance?

A
Exhibit expertise
Maintain eye contact when speaking
Prolong gaze
Disagree
Assertive
Give opinion freely
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9
Q

What traits are associated with Aggressive Dominance?

A
Exhibit expertise
Maintain eye contact when listening
Bargains
Disagree
Various antisocial - interrupt, deceitful, evasive, threaten
Give opinion freely
Assertive
Persuasive
Persistent
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10
Q

How can status in sport be split up

A

Starters - high status, begin on pitch

Non-starters - lower status, begin off pitch, irregular play time

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11
Q

How do the perceptions of starting athletes vary from non-starters?

A

Increased perception of dedication
Increased social cohesion - attraction to team
Satisfaction with ability utilisation

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12
Q

What perceptions held by non-starting players are different from starting status?

A

Higher role ambiguity

Low role clarity and belief in their capability

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13
Q

What do perceptions of status influence?

A

Thoughts
Attitudes
Behaviours

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14
Q

How do people with high status tend to vary from those with low status?

A

People pay more attention to them
People follow their gaze more
Remembered better
Overcome audience effect on performance better

may have decreased empathy and may take into account others perspectives less person dependent

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15
Q

What research did Christie and Barling do on social inequality in sport?

A

How status inequality impacted performance and physical health in NBA teams

Status inequality impede performance (esp. in lower status)
No link with physical health

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16
Q

What is the cultural emphasis on in relation to hierarchy?

A

Having a legitimate unequal distribution of power, roles and resources

17
Q

How can hierarchies emerge?

A

Top down - formal, organisation differentiate in authority and pay

Bottom up - informal, based on face to face interactions

Steepness and strength vary across organisations as does nature of relationship between ranks

18
Q

What are the pros and cons of a hierarchy?

A

+ clearly defined roles - improve group co-ordination and reduce conflict

  • prevent low ranking members voicing opinion
19
Q

How can power distance affect hierarchy?

A

Low ranking members in large power difference society won’t disagree with high ranking

High rank won’t consult low rank in decisions

20
Q

Give an example of a sporting hierarchy

A

F1 team:

Driver –> manager –> team admin –> team sponsors –> technical staff –> medical team

21
Q

What did research by Anichich et al. 2014 show regarding hierarchy?

A

Climbing Expeditions from more hierarchical countries have more climbers reach summit but more die along way

No difference in solo expedition

Hierarchy beneficial for highly interdependent tasks but can stifle psychological safety and information sharing

22
Q

Why is chain of command critical for success according to Anichich et al.?

A

Clarify roles and responsibilities

Avoid communication errors