Group Development and Leadership Flashcards
What is group development?
The degree of maturity and cohesion a group achieves over time as members interact, learn about each other and structure relationships and roles within the group
Merinecke, Hoffer and Wynne 1992
What are the stages of group development proposed by Tuckman in 1965?
Forming - developing relationships
Storming - conflict and tension
Norming - resolved conflict. Group cohesion develop and roles start to be formed
Performing - relationships and roles established
Adjourning - added in 1977 - once task is complete
How does the role of the leader vary throughout the stages of group development?
Forming - facilitate ice breaking
Storming - aim to resolve conflict. Ensure everyone is heard, remain positive, be inclusive, provide support
Norming - allow teams to work autonomously and encourage them to take responsibility
Performing - ensure they don’t unnecessarily instruct team
Adjourning - debrief, recognise members and accomplishments
What are the types of group roles? Who defined this?
Formal - prescribed role - coach
Informal - evolve through member interaction
Task - focus on goal success
Social - Enhance team harmony and cohesion
Carron and Eys 2012
What is the basis of the role theory proposed by Kahn et al in 1964?
Individual roles have a variety of factors which can in turn influence the overall effectiveness of a team
What role factors can influence team effectiveness
Cognitive:
- Ambiguity
- Efficacy - belief in ability of focal person
- Acceptance
- Conflict
Affective:
- Satisfaction - the focal person satisfied with the role
Behaviour:
- Performance - Evaluation of performance of focal person
What is leadership as defined by Barrow 1977
Behavioural process of influencing individuals and groups towards set goals
What is the multidimensional model of leadership (proposed by Chelladurai in 1984)?
Model of antecedents, behaviour and consequences.
Antecedents - situation, leader and member characteristics
Behaviour - required, actual and preferred
Consequences - performance and satisfaction
What is congruency in terms of the multidimensional model of leadership?
Congruency is how well the leaders personality, team personalities and the situation are matched with how the leader chooses to act in terms of leadership of the team.
What is the leadership scale for sport made by Chelladurai and Saleh 1978?
Based on 5 things 1 - Training and Instruction 2 - Democratic behaviour 3 - Autocratic Behaviour 4 - Social Support 5 - Positive Feedback
In the literature, what factors of leadership have been found to work well
Coach - autocratic approach is preferred
Captain - social support and more democratic approach preferred
Congruency - conflicting evidence but some suggest this is preferred
What other factors can affect what style of leadership is best suited to a situation?
Gender - males prefer more autocratic approach, females prefer more positive feedback and social support
Culture
Team vs Individual sport
Level of competition
What are group norms and who defined this?
Behaviour expectations for whole group
What group members should/shouldn’t do
Beauchamp and Eys 2008
What did Jowett and Chaundy 2004 find about leadership and cohesion?
Stronger predictor of task cohesion than social cohesion
What did Carron and Eys 2012 find cohesion is enhanced by?
Improved role clarity
Conform to team norms
Good Leadership
