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GCSE History OCR > Power in Early Modern Britain c.1485-1800 > Flashcards

Power in Early Modern Britain c.1485-1800 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the name of the court that disciplined nobles who challenged royal authority (Henry VIII)

A

Star Chamber

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2
Q

How did Henry VIII keep the nobles close?

A

Royal PATRONAGE (grants of land or important jobs), nobles did not want to miss these so they stayed close to court.

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3
Q

How did Henry VIII build up wealth?

A

Avoided expensive wars and determinedly collected taxes

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4
Q

True or false, Henry faced the pilgrimage of faith?

A

False, it was the pilgrimage of grace

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5
Q

Who was Henry Howard?

A

A wealthy and powerful noble, helped Henry crush the pilgrimage of Grace. In 1546 [RaSH, Henry was a rash on king ]
he had a painting made which revealed he was descended from the Plantagenet family. In 1547 he was executed, no noble families helped him

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6
Q

Who was Thomas Woseley’s father and how did Thomas gain power?

A

-His father was a butcher
-Excelled at Oxford university and entered the church were he rose through power

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7
Q

What reforms did Thomas Wolsey bring?

A

Tax reforms, wealthy pay more tax
Reformed justice system -star chamber

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8
Q

Why did Wolsey fall from power?

A

He failed to annul Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon

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9
Q

Why did parliament become more popular during Henry VIII’s time?

A

Henry was desperate to go to war. War requires money which is raised through taxes. Taxes are approved by parliament.

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10
Q

When was the act of Supremacy passed and what was it?

A

1534[MaRRy a supreme sticker]
Henry is now head of a new church of England.

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11
Q

What groups began to become part of the political nation during Henry VIII’s time?

A

lesser nobles, the gentry and wealthy merchants

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12
Q

What was the Acts of Attainder (Henry VIII)

A

It made it that the people accused of treason were unable to defend themselves in a court of law.

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13
Q

What laws did Henry VIII pass around retainers?

A

He restricted the amount of retainers nobles could have. Retainers are the number of men in service of a nobleman who would fight for him.

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14
Q

Why did nobles remain incredibly influential Henry VIII?
WAR
SECURITY
COMMUNICATIONS
PRIVY COUNCIL

A

WAR- Henry fought lots of wars during his time, he needed nobles men in army
Earl of Shrewsbury, 4400 men provided
SECURITY- During rebellions like pilgrimage of Grace Henry relied heavily on nobles
COMMUNICATIONS- Henry had too rely on nobles to represent him
PRIVY COUNCIL- Made up of the most powerful nobles in the country

The nobles also influenced through parliament, cromwell and wosley were both executed because of powerful nobles

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15
Q

Who was Elizabeth I sister and what was her religion?

A

Bloody Mary, Catholic

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16
Q

When did Elizabeth become Queen?

A

1558 (same year smoking was introduced, 15 year olds smoke till they are 58) the year her sister died

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17
Q

What religion did Henry VII’s son Edward VI believe in?

A

Protestantism, all decorations removed from churches

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18
Q

What did bloody mary do when Edward VI died?

A

Tried to undo his changes and convert back to Catholicism, she burnt many people for refusing to convert

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19
Q

Explain the argument for why England should have converted to Catholicism?

A

France and spain two great powers were also catholic, could be seen as threat if England was Protestant. However, there was support of Protestantism in England still

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20
Q

How did Elizabeth treat Catholics?

A

She allowed them to continue following there religion however they still had to pay RECUSANCY fines for not attending church

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21
Q

When did the Spanish Armada attempt to invade England (Elizabeth)?

A

1588, 30 years after she became queen

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22
Q

What did Pope Pius V pass in 1570?

A

(Pope Pius Papal) Papal bull which basically stated Elizabeth was not the queen and catholics should not obey her in England or they would be excommunicated

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23
Q

What was the northern rebellion and when was it?

A

Plan hatched by Westmoreland and Northumberland to put Mary Queen of Scots on the throne. 1569 ()

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24
Q

What was the Babington plot

A

1586 (2 years before armada)Babington wrote to Mary queen of Scots in code and told her he planned to kill Elizabeth, Mary agreed.

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25
Q

True or False, Elizabeth never married

A

True, she didn’t want her husband to be king.

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26
Q

What man did she seem close to marrying? Kennilworth castle

A

Robert Dudley, but the court did not agree

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27
Q

When did James I rule england?

A

1603-25 (1603 shogun came to power in japan)

16th March 2025

Don’t Juggle Slippy Mini New Lions

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28
Q

What did James I believe in?
HINT: Macbeth shakespeare-

A

Divine Right of Kings

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29
Q

True or False Charles I worked with parliament well?

A

False!

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30
Q

How did Charles I try and raise wealth and status of the church?

A

He tried to take back churchland given to Scottish nobles

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31
Q

What laws did Charles I suspended and who was he married too?

A

RECUSANCY LAWS, he was married to a catholic princess. Very shocking to English people

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32
Q

When did Charles go to war with spain?

A

Same year he became king. 1625 [No-one Loves spain]

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33
Q

How did Charles I attempt to gain money without parliament?

A

A forced loan

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34
Q

What were the 5 men who refused Charles forced loan called?

A

‘The 5 Knights’

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35
Q

What happened in 1628 with parliament (Charles I)?

A

He was forced to reconvene and sign the petition of rights. Which meant Charles could not take steps to raise money without parliaments approval. However, charles closed parliament in 1629

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36
Q

In what ways was King Charles I’s personal rule a success?

A

-He appointed effective ministers
-Bought in religious changes
-Secured land in Ireland
-Doubled his income

37
Q

Why did people begin to oppose charles I during his ‘personal rule’?
RELGION, TAXES, LAW

A

RELIGION: They didn’t like interference
TAXES: They didn’t like taxes such as ship money and believed that it was wrong
LAW: Didn’t like the breaking of the custom that kings ruled with the people.

38
Q

What was ship tax?

A

A tax on counties near the coast during times of war. However, Charles extended it to the whole of the country

39
Q

Who was a man who stood up to Charles I over the law?
HINT: Drink or Drug

A

Sir Edward Coke

40
Q

Explain how the war with Scotland went for Charles I

A

It went badly, they did not want to accept religious changes that he had made. He was forced to call parliament but found that few were willing to support him.

41
Q

What is the Trienal act?

A

Parliament had to meet once at least every 3 years

42
Q

What was the grand remonstrance?

A

A document listing over 200 cristicisms towards the king

43
Q

What was the Miltia bill of 1641?

A

A new army should be under control of parliament not the king

44
Q

What did Charles I try to do to 5 MP’s which broke the traditional rules?

A

He came into parliament and tried to arrest them

45
Q

Why did people side with parliament rather then Charles I?

A

Charles had tried to rule without parliament
He was not respecting the law
His religious views seemed to catholic

46
Q

Why did people side with the King over parliament?

A

Divine right of kings
Rule by puritans and charles opponents would be worse
King stood for order in society

47
Q

What percentage did Ireland lose of its population due to the civil war?

A

41%

48
Q

Where did the Scots and parliament beat the king in battle in 1643?
M n M r

A

Marston Moor

49
Q

What was the new model army and when was it created?

A

1645 [RaiL Cromwell used it to rail the king], it was a better organised, well equipped and well trained army.

50
Q

Who was the leader of the New Model army?

A

Oliver Cromwell

51
Q

Why was Charles still in a strong position?
(people wanted to go back before the war)

A

Army was expensive and inconvenient
Rule by parliament just as harsh
Many traditionally powerful people had lost power to commons
Alarmed by emergence of radical groups

52
Q

What did the Political Presbyterians want?

A

Little or no limit on charles power
Strict religious policy
Get rid of New Model Army

53
Q

What did Political independents want?

A

More control over charles
more tolerance of different religious views
Sympathetic to the New Model Army

54
Q

Why did the second civil war start and what happened?

A

Charles escaped from prison and went to the Scott’s. Charles was recaptured in 1648 [The Scottish have no RooF]

55
Q

Who were the Levellers?

A

Wanted greater equality for society
Believed government should have support of the people
Wanted all local officials to be appointed
Freedom of religion

56
Q

Who were the Quakers?

A

Radical group who rejected need for churches, bishops or other religious authority
They were regarded as particularly dangerous

57
Q

In late 1648 Oliver Cromwell changed his mind about Charles, why?

A

Realised Charles could not be trusted to stick to an agreement
Believed god had shown disapproval of Charles through defeats

58
Q

What special measures did Oliver Cromwell take to make sure Charles was found guilty?

A

He removed a large member of MP’s opposed to executing Charles. This created a ‘rump parliament’.

59
Q

When was Charles executed?

A

January 1649. Same year city of Castro was destroyed by Pope Innocent X
(RaP- rap battle between the oliver cromwell and Charles )

60
Q

How many men were in the first bare bones parliament and what year?

A

144, 1653 [LiMe, a lime made of bones]

61
Q

What did cromwell became know as?

A

Lord Protector

62
Q

How many MP’s were in cromwell’s second attempt at parliament?

A

400

63
Q

Who were major generals?

A

They ruled the regions of England, very unpopular

64
Q

What did major generals ban?

A

swearing, adultery, prostitution, drunkenness and gambling

65
Q

Why did the gentry dislike the major generals?

A

They interfered with there authority

66
Q

What was the humble petition and what year?

A

1657 [LeaK, humming pet taking a leak]
Proposed abolishing of major generals, reduction in army and parliament having more power over taxes

67
Q

Who took over from Oliver Cromwell when he died?

A

Richard Cromwell

68
Q

True or false Richard Cromwell was well prepared for leadership?

A

False, his father had not prepared him at all

69
Q

What happened to parliament after Cromwell died?

A

Very divided, John Lambert had dismissed MP’s and made rump entirely army filled.

70
Q

What year did Charles II become king?

A

1660 (6 years before the fire of london)

71
Q

What special power did Charles II have over laws?

A

He could VETO them, and laws had to be approved by him

72
Q

What was brought back with the restoration of the monarchy?

A

Censorship and banning of mass demonstrations

73
Q

What did the indemnity act do?

A

1661, pardoned all but a small number involved in Charles I death

74
Q

True or False, Hearth tax was introduced by Charles II

A

True, this raised a lot of money

75
Q

What was the Clarendon code?

A

Enforced a conformity church on majority of the population.
People fined for not attending church
Government had a say in bishops
Only Anglicans could be educated or hold public offices

76
Q

What did the whigs want?

A

More restriction on the power of king and greater powers for parliament. They also wanted to exclude charles catholic brother james from succession

77
Q

What happened to Peter Wentworth who mentioned succession in parliament to Elizabeth?

A

Tower of London till he died

78
Q

Who was Charles I closest advisor?

A

Duke of Buckingham

79
Q

What was James II’s relationship with LOUIS XIV?

A

Close

80
Q

What signs of restoring catholicism did James show?

A

Forbade anti-catholic sermons
Swapped protestants in governments for catholics

81
Q

What laws did James II want to set aside?

A

Test and corporations act (catholics could not join army )
Habeas Corpus (A person could not be arrested and held without having a fair trial )

82
Q

What relation was William of Orange to James II?

A

William married James II daughter Mary

83
Q

When did William of Orange become King?

A

1688 (Ate orange)

84
Q

What happened to Scotland during William Duke of Orange’s reign?

A

Became more independent

85
Q

What happened to Ireland during William Orange’s reign?

A

Became under Protestant control, James tried to go there with troops but was defeated. The irish rebels had to sign the treaty of Limerick

86
Q

True or False, Catholics were barred from the English throne?

A

True

87
Q

In what way were Williams power limited?

A

He had to work with parliament, was given 4 years to collect tax but after that he would have to work with them.

88
Q

How many measures did William refuse?

A

20

GCSE History OCR (17 decks)

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