powders and granules Flashcards
can be taken orally
for internal use
solid powders can be applied to compromised areas of the body
for external use
powders are more stable than are liquid dosage forms c
composition
pass through a no. 8
very coarse (no.8)
pass through no. 20
coarse no. 20
pass through no. 40
moderately course no. 40
pass through no. 60
fine no. 60
pass through no. 80
very fine no. 80
typically fall within the range of 4 to 12 sieve size
granules
particles are passed by mechanical shaking
sieving
use of a calibrated grid background
microscopy
- measuring the terminal settling velocity of particles
- may be calculated from stake’s law
sedimentation rate
determined by the reduction in light reaching the sensor
light scattering
blending small amounts of powder
spatulation
used in small-scale preparation of ointments and suspensions
levigation
two or more powdered substances are to be combined to form a uniform mixture
blending powders
- particle size of a solid substance to a finer state
- increase in the specific surface area
comminution of drugs
grinding a drug in a mortar
trituration
pulsed laser is fired through an aerosolized particle spray
laser holography
passing them through sifters
sifting
small amount of a potent substance is to be mixed
geometric dilution
mixing powder in a rotating chamber
tumbling
some powders may become sticky or pasty or may liquefy when mixed together
eutetics
Dispense the ingredients in tight containers and incorporate a desiccant packet or capsule when necessary.
Hygroscopic and Deliquescent Powders
- Should have a uniform, small particle size that will not irritate the skin when applied.
Topical Powders
topical powders are consist of?
base or vehicle (cornstarch or talc)
adherent (magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, or zinc stearate)
active ingredient, along with an aromatic material.
intended to be applied in a body cavity
Insufflated Powders
Some medicated powders are administered by inhalation with the aid of dry powder inhalers (DPIs),
Aerosol Powders
device used to administer an inhalation powder
DPI
used with a device that aerosolizes and delivers an accurately metered amount.
inhalation powder
which the patient takes by mixing with water or another beverages before swallowing;
acids and laxatives
dissolved in warm water by the patient for vaginal use;
douche powders
After a powder has been properly blended (using the geometric dilution method for potent substances), it may be divided into
individual dosing units based on the amount to be taken or used at a single time.
Divided Powders
medicated powders for external application to the skin
anti-infectives or antifungals
containing B-complex vitamins and other nutritional supplements.
brewer’s yeast powder
weigh each portion of the powder individually. This
For potent drugs
block and divide method
for non-potent drugs
a thin, semi-opaque paper with limited moisture resistance
vegetable parchment
Powders containing neither volatile components nor ingredients adversely affected by air or moisture
simple bond paper
a glazed, transparent paper, also with limited
moisture resistance
glassine
a transparent waterproof paper
waxed paper
- a dosage form composed of dry aggregates of powder particles
- are frequently compacted into tablets or filled into capsules
granules
granules is Derived from Latin word: which means little grain
“Granulum”
granules size
Usually pass in the 4 to 12 mesh size range
particles are placed in a conical piece of equipment
Fluid Bed Processing
Moisten the powder or powder mixture
Wet Method
preparation of granules:
wet and dry method
passed through a roller compactor and then through the granulating machine.
Dry Method
“roll press”, processes a fine powder into dense sheets .
Roll compactor
