Poultry Housing and Equipment

Question 1

Housing Systems

Answer 1

Free Range
Semi-Intensive
Intensive

Question 2

Housing Systems
Intensive Types

Answer 2

Slatted Floor
Deep Litter
Conventional Cages
Alternative Housing

Question 3

Oldest system
Rearing of poultry by letting them loose on the ground
Foraging is the major source of feeding for birds
Stocking Density: 300-400 birds per hectare

Answer 3

Free Range System

Question 4

Commonly used by smallscale producers
Birds are reared in houses and in range
Houses maybe a simple house
SD: 4-5 birds per sqm

Answer 4

Semi-Intensive

Question 5

Small houses with slatted or wire mesh
Slats: 2.5-5 cm wide placed 2.5 cm apart
Slats are elevated to allow accumulation of droppings
Bird density: 6-8 birds per sqm

Answer 5

Slatted Floor

Question 6

Birds are kept in large pens on floor
Floor is covered with litters such as straw, saw dust or leaves up to 2-3 inches
BD: 5-7 birds per sqm

Answer 6

Deep Litter

Question 7

60% slat area / 40% litter area
Slats on either side of house leaving central portion for litter floor
BD: 5-7 birds per sqm

Answer 7

Combination of Slats and Litter

Question 8

Rearing of poultry on raised wire netting floor in smaller compartments called cages
Suitable for keeping in high density of birds
SD:
- Chick (0-8 wks) = 0.3 sq ft
- Grower (9-16 wks) = 0.5 sq ft
- Layer (above 17 wks) = 0.6 sq ft

Answer 8

Cage System

Question 9

Structure of Cage

Answer 9

Floor slope 1.5 inch per running 12 inch

Waterers, food troughs, egg tray
Waterers, wire floor, manure belt, feed belt, egg belt

Question 10

Types of Cages

Answer 10

A. Based on Bird Density
B. Based on Arrangement of Cages
C. Based on Number of Rows
D. Based on Types of Birds Reared

BD, AC, NR, TBR

Question 11

Types of Cages

A. Based on Bird Density

Answer 11

A. Based on Bird Density
1. Single or Individual Cages
2. Multiple Bird Cages (2-10 birds)
3. Colony Cages (>11 birds per cage)

BD - SMC

Question 12

Types of Cages

B. Based on Arrangement of Cages

Answer 12

B. Based on Arrangement of Cages
1. Battery Cages (Vertical Cages)
2. Stair-Step Cages
- M-type
- L-type

AC - BS

Question 13

Types of Cages

C. Based on Number of Rows

Answer 13

C. Based on Number of Rows
1. Single Deck
2. Double Deck
3. Triple Deck
4. Four Deck

NR - SDTF

Question 14

Types of Cages

D. Based on Types of Birds Reared

Answer 14

D. Based on Types of Birds Reared
1. Brooder/Chick Cages
2. Grower Cages
3. Layer Cages
4. Breeder Cages

TBR - BGLB

Question 15

Type of house that provides sufficient ventilation and waste management esp in tropical countries
Height of the shed is elevated by 7-8 ft from the ground
Distance between the 2 pillar is 10 ft and 2 ft wide platforms are made over the pillar
Total height of the house is 20-25 ft and the width 30-33 ft

Answer 15

California Housing System

Question 16

Modern Housing System

Answer 16

Environmentally Controlled House
Climate Controlled System

Question 17

Climate Controlled System

Ventilation Types

Answer 17

Cross ventilation
Longitudinal ventilation
Roof ventilation
Tunnel ventilation

Combination of longitudinal and tunnel ventilation
Combi of roof and tunnel ventilation

Question 18

X air velocity
Y effective temperature (wind chill factor)

Answer 18

Wind Chill Effect
Temp gets lower as you increase air velocity

Question 19

Alternative Housing Systems

Question 20

Poultry Feeders

Answer 20

Paper Feeding - near automatic drinking system
Turbo Feeders - should be provided at a rate of at least 1 per 75 chicks
Tray Feeders - should be provided at a rate of 1 per 50 chicks

Question 21

Poultry Drinkers

Answer 21

1. Mini Drinker Check (Supplemental)
2. Bell Drinker Check
3. Nipple Drinker Check

Question 22

Poultry Drinkers

Should be provided at rate of 6-8/1000 chicks and never be allowed to dry
Must be cleaned and refilled as necessary
Maintain max water levels until chicks are large enough to create spillage
Should be removed approx 48 hour after placement
Should be placed slightly higher than litter to maintain water quality yet not so high that access is impeded

Answer 22

1. Mini Drinker Check

Question 23

Poultry Drinkers

BD water level should be 0.5 cm from lip of drinker at day of age and reduced gradually after 7 days to depth of 1.25 cm or thumbnail depth
Height should be maintained such that lip of drinker is at level of chicks back
Frequent assessment and adjustment is essential
Must be cleaned daily to prevent build up of contaminants. If necessary, in hot climates, flush the water system at least 2 or 3x daily to maintain good water temp
All BD should be ballasted to reduce spillage
Should be installed at rate of 1 per 75 females in rearing and prod

Answer 23

2. Bell Drinker Check

Question 24

Poultry Drinkers

2 Nipple Types of Different Manufacturing Options

Answer 24

1. Stamped Nipples - less expensive, lower in quality
   - more leaking issues, more difficult to activate by day old chicks
2. Turned Nipples - higher quality than standard nipples due to more precise machining and easier nipple pin to activate

Question 25

Poultry Drinkers 2 Nipple configurations on the market

Answer 25

1. With drip cups 2. Without drip cups Drip cups offer advantage of visual assessment of pressure Too much water in drip cups indicates pressure is too high or nipple line is too low A moist drip cup = pressure is correct A dry drip cup = nipple is not working

Question 26

Poultry Drinkers It is very important to install the correct nipple type DOCs need 360 degrees nipples with a pin that is long enough and easily activated - dynamic or sideways activation of 2 g of force In brood/grow/lay houses, the nipples should be a 360 degree dynamic nipple and never a static nipple Static nipples can only be pushed up to access water and are difficult for chicks to activate in the 1st week Gender specific drinkers - broiler breeders strike the drinkers with much more force

Answer 26

3. Nipple Drinkers

Question 27

Assessment of Drinkers Nipple Drinker Flow Rate Guideline Formula

Answer 27

Age (Days) | Flow Rate (mL per minute) 0-7 25-30 8-14 35-40 15-21 45-50 22-28 50-55 29-35+ 55-60 [(Bird Age in weeks) x 7] + 20 = Flow rate Should be installed at rate of 8-10 females per nipple for rearing and prod Spaced at 20 cm in centers to ensure enough nipple when using only 2 nipple lines in a 12-14 m wide prod house

Question 28

Poultry Drinkers Height should be at chick's eye level for 1st 2-3 hours and maintained slightly above chick's head Pressure should be such that there is a droplet of water suspended from the nipple The birds feet should always be flat on the litter and a bird should never have to stand on its toes to drink A nipple flow rate of 40 mL/min is recommended in the 1st week Flush lines as necessary for good hygiene and water temp control A bead of water should be visible on the end of the nipple to encourage water consumption - setting pressure low in drinking system. After 1st hours and once water consumption has been adequately achieved in the flock, increase pressure setting in drinking system to prevent spillage and wet litter

Answer 28

3. Nipple Drinker Check

Question 29

At placement, nipple pin should be at chick eye level At day 2 and beyond, adjust height so that bird's head is at a 45-degree to the nipple

Answer 29

Drinker Height