Genetics and Breeds

Question 1

Popularity of breeds vary depending on

Answer 1

Consumer preferences

Question 2

Good basis for selection

Answer 2

Production performance

Question 3

Breeds are __ but strains are __ to meet production demands

Answer 3

Selected; established

Question 4

A specific set of phenotypic trait

Answer 4

Breed

Question 5

Broiler breeds
Layer breeds

Answer 5

Broiler: langshan, brahma
Layer: leghorn, minorca, ancona
Both: plymouth rock, new hampshire

Question 6

Developed to focus on specific genetic traits

Answer 6

Strains

Question 7

Broiler strains
Layer strains

Answer 7

Broiler:
- cobb; aviagen brands: ross, rowan range, arbor acres, indian river
Layer:
- hi-line, lohmann, dekalb, isa white, isa brown, h&n

Question 8

Research line not bred extensively

Answer 8

Experimental line

Question 9

Cross of 2 or more experimental lines (hybrid vigor) required to form a pedigree line

Answer 9

Synthetic line

Question 10

Pure line with high genetic level

Answer 10

Pedigree (elite) generation

Question 11

Pure line between pedigree and GP

Answer 11

Great grand parent (GGP)

Question 12

Pure line below GGP and PS

Answer 12

Grand parent (GP)

Question 13

Broiler breeder or commercial layers from GPs (male vs female lines) and is a product of 2-way genetic cross

Answer 13

Parent stock (PS)

Question 14

ABCD

Answer 14

4-way cross

Question 15

Genetic traits

Answer 15

• at least 30 traits
• including: behavioral traits, welfare, sustainability
• DNA marker assisted selection
  
  • genomic selection of SNPs, done by poultry breeding companies

Question 16

Genetic traits
12

Answer 16

1. Age at onset of production
2. Hen housed
3. Capitalization
4. Hen day prod
5. Egg mass
6. Body weight/frame
7. Persistency of egg prod
8. Feed efficiency
9. Egg shell quality
10. Internal quality
11. Other traits
12. Temperament and welfare

Question 17

Aim is uniform flock begin prod at 18-19 wks (peak at 24 wks)

Answer 17

Age at onset of prod
Genetic trait

Question 18

Eggs produced/initial prod

Answer 18

Hen housed
Genetic trait

Question 19

Maximum prod at lowest cost

Answer 19

Capitalization
Genetic trait

Question 20

Eggs produced at any guvem day of prod

Answer 20

Hen day prod
Genetic trait

Question 21

Weight of egg / hen

Answer 21

Egg mass
Genetic trait

Question 22

Larger hens = larger eggs = larger feed req
Uniform hens that are light stimulated early will tend to produce smaller eggs (vs late which will produce larger eggs overall)

Answer 22

Body weight/frame
Genetic trait

Question 23

90% hen day prod at >60 with same egg size and shell quality

Answer 23

Persistency of egg prod
Genetic trait

Question 24

Good ave layer FCR 2.1
Associated with livability and bird health

Answer 24

Feed efficiency
Genetic trait

Question 25

Combine role of: - shell strength (thickness) - color -smoothness and shape

Answer 25

Egg shell quality Genetic trait

Question 26

Associated by environmental temp, nutrition and health

Answer 26

Shell strength (thickness)

Question 27

South Am, Europe, Asia likes brown eggshell color

Answer 27

Color

Question 28

Haugh unit Egg solid yield Blood spots Meat spots

Answer 28

Internal quality Genetic trait

Question 29

Egg white thickness (HU) Temporarily decreases with AI & ND infected flock

Answer 29

Haugh unit

Question 30

Critical in industries that use eggs as liquid product, dehydrated eggs or pasteurized yolks and whites

Answer 30

Egg solid yield

Question 31

Highly heritable Small percentage of white egg layers (single comb white leghorns) and in slightly higher frequency in brown egg layers

Answer 31

Blood spots

Question 32

Parts of the stigma Unacceptable egg

Answer 32

Meat spots

Question 33

Inability to produce trimethyl amine (TMA) oxidase whicj generates a fishy smell in eggs when canola meal (rape seed) is added in ration

Answer 33

Other traits Genetic trait

Question 34

Genetic lines favorable to various housing system Related to cannibalism, pecking, nervousness, delayed egg prod

Answer 34

Temperament and welfare

Question 35

Comparison of broiler targets

Answer 35

Ross 308 broiler perf in 2023 (higher cumulative intake, lower ave daily gain) Cobb 500 broiler perf in 2022 (actually di ako sure)

Question 36

Conclusion

Answer 36

1. Genetic traits are inherent and can be seen in certain breeds 2. Companies focuses on specific traits which also include welfare and behavior of chickens (not only prod traits) 3. Prod perf standards continously varies and changes