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Poultry diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Type 3 Coronavirus disease

A

Infectious bronchitis

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2
Q

True or false.

Infectious bronchitis is caused by an RNA virus.

What significance does this have?

A

True - coronavirs

RNA viruses have fast mutation rates when compared with DNA viruses

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3
Q

Transmission of infectious bronchitis

A

Aerosol transmission - easily infecting the entire shed in an indoor broiler flock

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4
Q

What clinical signs are associated with infectious bronchitis in:

  1. Broilers
  2. <6 weeks broilers
  3. Layers
  4. Misc
A
  1. Broilers - Respiratory dz, wt loss
  2. Young - Depressed, huddled, nephritis
  3. Layers - Small and poor functioning oviducts (poor egg quality), respiratory signs
  4. Other - renal and gut (mutated virus)
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5
Q

Which strain of Infctious Bronchitis Virus causes abnormal oviduct development in layers?

A

M41

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6
Q

Egg peritonitis can be a sequelae to which viral disease?

A

Infectious bronchitis - M41 strain

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7
Q

What diagnostic tools are used in assessing potential cases of IBV?

A

Virus isolation (from eggs), PCR (genotype), serology

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8
Q

What types of vaccines are used in control of IBV?

A

Live attenuated in broilers

Live attenuated and killed in breeders

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9
Q

A paramyxovirus causing severe respiratory disease in turkeys and mild in other avian species.

A

Avian metapneumonia virus

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10
Q

What clinical signs are associated with aMPV in turkeys?

A
  • Nasal discharge
  • Sinusitis
  • SBI - E.coli
  • Decreased egg production and quality
  • Mortality
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11
Q

Swollen head syndrome

A

Oedematous facial tissues associated with aMPV and E.coli infection

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12
Q

aMPV shows more severe clinical signs in turkeys or chickens?

A

Turkeys

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13
Q

Loss of pigmentation of egg shells is associated with which pultry respiratory disease?

A

aMPV

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14
Q

Outline the methods of transmission of aMPV

A

Horizontal - aerosol, mucus, fomites

Vertical - egg transmission(+/-)

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15
Q

How can aMPV infections be controlled/ prevented?

A
  1. Prevent it entering the farm - all-in-all-out, biosecurity, housing ventilation and temperature
  2. Increase flock resistence - vaccination
    1. Live - for broilers
    2. Killed before lay
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16
Q

Which Mycoplasma bacteria are associated with disease in poultry?

What type of disease are they associated with?

A
  1. Gallisepticum - Respiratory
  2. Synoviae - Respiratory and arthritis
  3. Meleagridis - Turkey airsaculitis
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17
Q

What respiratory signs are associated with Mycoplasmal disease in poultry?

A

Nasal discharge

Cough

Sneeze

Tracheal rales

Swollen watery eyes

Decreased wt gain

May cause sinusitis/ conjunctivitis

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18
Q

What reproductive signs are associated with mycoplasmal disease in poultry?

A

Decreased egg production

Delayed point of lay - salpingitis

Dead in egg

Decreased hatchability/ survivability

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19
Q

What musculoskeletal signs are associated with mycoplasmal disease in poultry?

A

Lameness

Swollen joints

Sternal bursitis

Decrease wt gain

Loss of condition

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20
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for mycoplasmal disease in poultry?

What alternative may be employed?

A

Culture! BUT it takes a long time!

PCR may be used but this detects both viable and non-viable infectious agents (live and dead)

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21
Q

High pathogenicity strains of Avian Influenza

A

H5 & H7

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22
Q

What poultry diseases are notifiable in the UK?

A
  1. Avian influenza
  2. Newcastle disease
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23
Q

Incubation period of avian influenza

A

hrs - 3 days in individual birds

14 days in flock

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24
Q

Transmission of avian influenza

A

Faeco-oral

Fomite

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25
Pathogenesis of avian influenza.
Replication, necrosis, congestion and haemorrhage of GI and respiratory tissues.
26
What clinical signs are associated with avian influenza?
1. General - dull/ depressed, anorexia, cyanotic wattle, swollen head 2. GI - d+, pasty vent, organ necrosis 3. Resp - tears, sneeze, dyspnoea, nasal discharge 4. Uro/repro - decreased egg yield 5. Neuro - severe 6. Other - emaciation
27
What post mortem lesions are associated with avian influenza?
1. General - haemorrhage, cyanosis, periorbital oedema 2. GI - Firm/ mottled haemorrhagic pancreas, spleen necrosis 3. Resp - Sinusitis, tracheitis 4. U/R - Oviduct inflammation, nephromegaly 5. Other - peritonitis/ pericardial haemorrhage
28
Name two reportable diseases found in poultry.
Brucellosis Salmonellosis
29
Name five poultry diseases that are zoonotic.
Campy Crypto E. coli Listeriosis Psittacosis Salmonellosis
30
Which species of salmonella are associated with disease in poultry?
Salmonella enterica sbspp. typhimurium/ enteritidis
31
Transmission of avian tuberculosis.
Faecal-oral Progressive wt loss, depression, diarrhoea, death
32
Which species of Chlamydia is associated with disease in poultry?
Chlamydia psittaci Causes respiratory disease and diarrhoea
33
Fowl typhoid
Salmonella gallinarium
34
Pullorum disease
Salmonella pullorum
35
Paratyphoidal disease and Salmonellosis
Salmonella Enteritidis Salmonella Tymphimurium
36
Why is Salmonellosis a significant disease despite not causing significant economic loss for poultry producers?
Causes severe gastroenteritis, nausea, v/d and fever in humans May lead to death if left untreated
37
Name three Coccidial parasites associated with disease in poultry.
Eimeria... 1. Acervulina 2. Brunetti 3. Maxima 4. Mitis 5. Necatrix 6. Praecox 7. Tenella
38
Name three Anticoccidial agents used in chickens.
* Chlorotetracycline * Oxytetracycline * Baycox * Sulfamethazine * Sulfadimethoxine
39
Name an attenuated and non-attenuated coccidial vaccine used in poultry.
Attenuated - Paracox Non-attenuated - Coccivax
40
Vaccines in poultry can be administered by what methods?
Spray Drinking water On-food Injectable
41
Injectable vaccines are used in control of which poultry disease?
Mareks
42
Poultry circovirus
Chicken anaemia virus
43
Transmission of chicken anaemia virus.
Vertical Horizontal - faeco-oral, feather follicles
44
What clinical signs are associated with Chicken Anaemia Virus?
* Ab -ve at 12-17 do * Anorexic, weak, depressed * Decreased PCV, anaemia, leukopenia, pan-cytopenia * No response to vaccine * SBI
45
What PM lesions are associated with chicken anaemia virus infection?
Decreased lymhoid tissue - thymus and bursa of fabricious Pale and yellow marrow Dermal, muscular and visceral haemorrhage
46
Avibinavirus aka Gumboro disease
Infectious bursal disease
47
Transmission of IBDV
Faecal-oral
48
Signs of acute IBDV
* Sudden onset * Depression * Ruffled feathers * Vent pecking * 90%+ mortality * Dehydration * Muscular and bursal haemorrhage
49
Signs of high virulence IBDV
+++ mortality Fibrosis, haemorrhage and destruction of muscle, proventriculus, bursa Oedematous and haemorrhagic lesions MALT organs affected
50
Subclinical IBDV
Bursal atrophy
51
GaHV-2 oncogenic viral disease in poultry
Mareks disease
52
Signs of classical Mareks disease.
Limb paresis Dyspnoea Crop dilation - CN X Dermal, muscular and visceral tumours
53
Grey eye
Mareks disease virus - lymphocytic infiltration
54
Mareks disease transmission
Feather follicle shedding
55
Notifiable paramyxovirus affecting poultry
Newcastle Disease
56
Name the five types of Newcastle disease. Which is the most severe?
1. **VV** - viscerotropic-velogenic 2. NV - neurotropic-velogenic 3. M - mesogenic 4. L - lentogenic 5. A - assymptomatic enteric
57
VV NDV
Acute, lethal infection GI haemorrhage
58
NV NDV
Respiratory and neurological signs, no gut lesions, high mortality
59
M NDV
Lower mortality respiratory an neurological disease than NV
60
L NDV
Mild respiratory disease
61
A NDV
Assymptomatic enteric disease
62
Transmission of NDV
Direct contact Contact with contaminated secretions
63
Clinical signs associated with NDV
1. General - anorexic, dehydrated, poor condition 2. Neuro - tremors, star-gazing, twisted neck, convulsions, paralysis 3. Respiratory 4. Visceral - Green-yellow diarrhoea, intestinal haemorrhage

ID (13 decks)

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