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Poultry diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Type 3 Coronavirus disease

A

Infectious bronchitis

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2
Q

True or false.

Infectious bronchitis is caused by an RNA virus.

What significance does this have?

A

True - coronavirs

RNA viruses have fast mutation rates when compared with DNA viruses

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3
Q

Transmission of infectious bronchitis

A

Aerosol transmission - easily infecting the entire shed in an indoor broiler flock

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4
Q

What clinical signs are associated with infectious bronchitis in:

  1. Broilers
  2. <6 weeks broilers
  3. Layers
  4. Misc
A
  1. Broilers - Respiratory dz, wt loss
  2. Young - Depressed, huddled, nephritis
  3. Layers - Small and poor functioning oviducts (poor egg quality), respiratory signs
  4. Other - renal and gut (mutated virus)
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5
Q

Which strain of Infctious Bronchitis Virus causes abnormal oviduct development in layers?

A

M41

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6
Q

Egg peritonitis can be a sequelae to which viral disease?

A

Infectious bronchitis - M41 strain

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7
Q

What diagnostic tools are used in assessing potential cases of IBV?

A

Virus isolation (from eggs), PCR (genotype), serology

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8
Q

What types of vaccines are used in control of IBV?

A

Live attenuated in broilers

Live attenuated and killed in breeders

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9
Q

A paramyxovirus causing severe respiratory disease in turkeys and mild in other avian species.

A

Avian metapneumonia virus

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10
Q

What clinical signs are associated with aMPV in turkeys?

A
  • Nasal discharge
  • Sinusitis
  • SBI - E.coli
  • Decreased egg production and quality
  • Mortality
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11
Q

Swollen head syndrome

A

Oedematous facial tissues associated with aMPV and E.coli infection

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12
Q

aMPV shows more severe clinical signs in turkeys or chickens?

A

Turkeys

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13
Q

Loss of pigmentation of egg shells is associated with which pultry respiratory disease?

A

aMPV

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14
Q

Outline the methods of transmission of aMPV

A

Horizontal - aerosol, mucus, fomites

Vertical - egg transmission(+/-)

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15
Q

How can aMPV infections be controlled/ prevented?

A
  1. Prevent it entering the farm - all-in-all-out, biosecurity, housing ventilation and temperature
  2. Increase flock resistence - vaccination
    1. Live - for broilers
    2. Killed before lay
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16
Q

Which Mycoplasma bacteria are associated with disease in poultry?

What type of disease are they associated with?

A
  1. Gallisepticum - Respiratory
  2. Synoviae - Respiratory and arthritis
  3. Meleagridis - Turkey airsaculitis
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17
Q

What respiratory signs are associated with Mycoplasmal disease in poultry?

A

Nasal discharge

Cough

Sneeze

Tracheal rales

Swollen watery eyes

Decreased wt gain

May cause sinusitis/ conjunctivitis

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18
Q

What reproductive signs are associated with mycoplasmal disease in poultry?

A

Decreased egg production

Delayed point of lay - salpingitis

Dead in egg

Decreased hatchability/ survivability

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19
Q

What musculoskeletal signs are associated with mycoplasmal disease in poultry?

A

Lameness

Swollen joints

Sternal bursitis

Decrease wt gain

Loss of condition

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20
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for mycoplasmal disease in poultry?

What alternative may be employed?

A

Culture! BUT it takes a long time!

PCR may be used but this detects both viable and non-viable infectious agents (live and dead)

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21
Q

High pathogenicity strains of Avian Influenza

A

H5 & H7

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22
Q

What poultry diseases are notifiable in the UK?

A
  1. Avian influenza
  2. Newcastle disease
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23
Q

Incubation period of avian influenza

A

hrs - 3 days in individual birds

14 days in flock

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24
Q

Transmission of avian influenza

A

Faeco-oral

Fomite

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25
Q

Pathogenesis of avian influenza.

A

Replication, necrosis, congestion and haemorrhage of GI and respiratory tissues.

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26
Q

What clinical signs are associated with avian influenza?

A
  1. General - dull/ depressed, anorexia, cyanotic wattle, swollen head
  2. GI - d+, pasty vent, organ necrosis
  3. Resp - tears, sneeze, dyspnoea, nasal discharge
  4. Uro/repro - decreased egg yield
  5. Neuro - severe
  6. Other - emaciation
27
Q

What post mortem lesions are associated with avian influenza?

A
  1. General - haemorrhage, cyanosis, periorbital oedema
  2. GI - Firm/ mottled haemorrhagic pancreas, spleen necrosis
  3. Resp - Sinusitis, tracheitis
  4. U/R - Oviduct inflammation, nephromegaly
  5. Other - peritonitis/ pericardial haemorrhage
28
Q

Name two reportable diseases found in poultry.

A

Brucellosis

Salmonellosis

29
Q

Name five poultry diseases that are zoonotic.

A

Campy

Crypto

E. coli

Listeriosis

Psittacosis

Salmonellosis

30
Q

Which species of salmonella are associated with disease in poultry?

A

Salmonella enterica sbspp. typhimurium/ enteritidis

31
Q

Transmission of avian tuberculosis.

A

Faecal-oral

Progressive wt loss, depression, diarrhoea, death

32
Q

Which species of Chlamydia is associated with disease in poultry?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

Causes respiratory disease and diarrhoea

33
Q

Fowl typhoid

A

Salmonella gallinarium

34
Q

Pullorum disease

A

Salmonella pullorum

35
Q

Paratyphoidal disease and Salmonellosis

A

Salmonella Enteritidis

Salmonella Tymphimurium

36
Q

Why is Salmonellosis a significant disease despite not causing significant economic loss for poultry producers?

A

Causes severe gastroenteritis, nausea, v/d and fever in humans

May lead to death if left untreated

37
Q

Name three Coccidial parasites associated with disease in poultry.

A

Eimeria…

  1. Acervulina
  2. Brunetti
  3. Maxima
  4. Mitis
  5. Necatrix
  6. Praecox
  7. Tenella
38
Q

Name three Anticoccidial agents used in chickens.

A
  • Chlorotetracycline
  • Oxytetracycline
  • Baycox
  • Sulfamethazine
  • Sulfadimethoxine
39
Q

Name an attenuated and non-attenuated coccidial vaccine used in poultry.

A

Attenuated - Paracox

Non-attenuated - Coccivax

40
Q

Vaccines in poultry can be administered by what methods?

A

Spray

Drinking water

On-food

Injectable

41
Q

Injectable vaccines are used in control of which poultry disease?

A

Mareks

42
Q

Poultry circovirus

A

Chicken anaemia virus

43
Q

Transmission of chicken anaemia virus.

A

Vertical

Horizontal - faeco-oral, feather follicles

44
Q

What clinical signs are associated with Chicken Anaemia Virus?

A
  • Ab -ve at 12-17 do
  • Anorexic, weak, depressed
  • Decreased PCV, anaemia, leukopenia, pan-cytopenia
  • No response to vaccine
  • SBI
45
Q

What PM lesions are associated with chicken anaemia virus infection?

A

Decreased lymhoid tissue - thymus and bursa of fabricious

Pale and yellow marrow

Dermal, muscular and visceral haemorrhage

46
Q

Avibinavirus aka Gumboro disease

A

Infectious bursal disease

47
Q

Transmission of IBDV

A

Faecal-oral

48
Q

Signs of acute IBDV

A
  • Sudden onset
  • Depression
  • Ruffled feathers
  • Vent pecking
  • 90%+ mortality
  • Dehydration
  • Muscular and bursal haemorrhage
49
Q

Signs of high virulence IBDV

A

+++ mortality

Fibrosis, haemorrhage and destruction of muscle, proventriculus, bursa

Oedematous and haemorrhagic lesions

MALT organs affected

50
Q

Subclinical IBDV

A

Bursal atrophy

51
Q

GaHV-2 oncogenic viral disease in poultry

A

Mareks disease

52
Q

Signs of classical Mareks disease.

A

Limb paresis

Dyspnoea

Crop dilation - CN X

Dermal, muscular and visceral tumours

53
Q

Grey eye

A

Mareks disease virus - lymphocytic infiltration

54
Q

Mareks disease transmission

A

Feather follicle shedding

55
Q

Notifiable paramyxovirus affecting poultry

A

Newcastle Disease

56
Q

Name the five types of Newcastle disease.

Which is the most severe?

A
  1. VV - viscerotropic-velogenic
  2. NV - neurotropic-velogenic
  3. M - mesogenic
  4. L - lentogenic
  5. A - assymptomatic enteric
57
Q

VV NDV

A

Acute, lethal infection

GI haemorrhage

58
Q

NV NDV

A

Respiratory and neurological signs, no gut lesions, high mortality

59
Q

M NDV

A

Lower mortality respiratory an neurological disease than NV

60
Q

L NDV

A

Mild respiratory disease

61
Q

A NDV

A

Assymptomatic enteric disease

62
Q

Transmission of NDV

A

Direct contact

Contact with contaminated secretions

63
Q

Clinical signs associated with NDV

A
  1. General - anorexic, dehydrated, poor condition
  2. Neuro - tremors, star-gazing, twisted neck, convulsions, paralysis
  3. Respiratory
  4. Visceral - Green-yellow diarrhoea, intestinal haemorrhage

ID (13 decks)

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