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Pig diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Which sarcoptes species causes Sarcoptic mange in pigs?

A

Sarcoptes scabei var suis

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2
Q

How is sarcoptic mange transmitted between pigs?

A

Direct/ vector transmission

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3
Q

Describe the clinical signs which are associated with porcine sarcoptic mange.

A
  • Encrusted lesions on the legs, ears and body
  • Pruritis
  • Headshaking/ ear damage
  • Hypersensitivity - red pimple lesions
  • Decreased growth rates
  • Infertility/ reproductive failure - males transfer infection
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4
Q

How can porcine sarcoptic mange be diagnosed, treated and prevented?

A
  1. Dx - deep skin scrapes
  2. Tx - Avermectin injections - may need double treatment
  3. Prevent/ control - Herd avermectin treatments, biosecurity
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5
Q

Exudative epidermitis is also known as …

Which bacteria causes the disease?

A

Greasy pig disease

Staphylococcus hyicus

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6
Q

What is the transmission route of exudative epidermitis?

A

Bacteria gain access to epidermis through wounds, humid environmetn (follicles) and maternal infection

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7
Q

Outline the clinical signs associated with Greasy pig disease for:

  1. Sow
  2. Piglets
  3. Weaners/ growers
  4. Overall
A
  1. Sow - localised face and eye lesions, vulval colonisation, rare
  2. Piglets - lesions at >5 days old
  3. Weaners/ growers - most severe lesions seen
  4. Overall:
    1. ​Acute/ chronic dermatitis - breakdown of cell-cell adhesions
    2. Greasy fluid oozes
    3. Greasy brown/grey scabs
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8
Q

Outline the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus hyicus.

A

Bacteria penetrate the epidermis

Cause breakdown of cell-cell adhesions

Leakage of greasy exudate

Formation of greasy brown/grey scabs

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9
Q

How can an greasy pig outbreak be treated/ controlled?

A

Tx - Antibiotic injections - amoxycillin/ lincomycin. Topical - salvon/virkon

Control - Hygiene/ biosecurity

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10
Q

Describe aetiological agents associated with porcine dermatitis and neuropathy syndrome.

(viral and bacterial)

A
  1. Viral
    1. PCV
    2. PRRSV
  2. Bacterial
    1. Pasturella multocida
    2. Strep spp.
    3. Gram -ves - LPS
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11
Q

Outline the clinical signs associated with porcine dermatitis and neuropathy syndrome.

A
  • Extensive greasy brown/grey/puple-red raised blotches over chest, abdo, thigh and forelimb
  • Depressed
  • anorexic
  • fever
  • immobile
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12
Q

What post mortem lesions would be found in a pig which suffered with PDNS?

A
  • Petechial haemorrhage
  • Interstitial nephritis
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13
Q

Swine dysentery is caused by which bacteria?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

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14
Q

How is swine dysentery transmitted?

What is the incubation period of the disease?

A
  1. Transmission - Faecal-oral, intermediate hosts (mouse/bird), environmental (resistant)
  2. Incubation period - 7-14d (up to 60d)
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15
Q

Outline the diagnosis, treatment and control techniques used in swine dysentery infections.

A
  1. Dx - Bacterial smear (morphology), PCR, PM, iFAT
  2. Tx - lincomycin, tiamulin, tylosin
  3. Control - Biosecurity
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16
Q

What clinical signs would be associated with swine dysentery outbreaks?

A
  • Mucohaemorrhagic diarrhoea
  • Tail twitch (discomfort)
  • Large intestine - severe inflammation
  • Hollowed appearance
  • Sunken eyes
  • Dehydration
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17
Q

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is caused by which type of virus?

Which other species viruses are caused by the same class?

A

Arterivirus

Equine arteritis, simian haemorrhagic fever

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18
Q

How is PRRSV transmitted?

A
  • Inhalation
  • Ingestion
  • Coitus
  • Skin damage
19
Q

Outline the pathogenesis of PRRSV.

A
  1. Innoculation
  2. Replication in mucosal, pulmonary and other macrophages
  3. Viraemia
  4. Distribution to systemic macrophages and mononuclear’s
20
Q

What clinical signs are associated with PRRSV?

  1. Sow
  2. Neonates
  3. Growers/finishers
A
  1. Sow - abortion/weak piglets, premature, poor fertility, cyanosis of ears. Fever, anorexia, lethergy, eye/vulva discolouration, pneumonia
  2. Neonates - dyspnoea, CNS, increased mortality, ill thrift
  3. G/W - macrophage destruction, thicekned alveolar septum, heart lesions
21
Q

Outline protocol for diagnosis and control of PRRSV.

A

Dx - serology, ELISA, iFAT of oral fluids

Control - Vaccination (porcilis PRRSV - live attenuated)

22
Q

Which synergystic pathogens are associated with porcine respiratory complex?

(name the relevant strains)

x6

A
  • PRRSV
  • Swine influenza
    • H1N1
    • H1N2
    • H3N2
  • PCV2
  • Coronavirus, pseudorabies
  • Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
  • Bordetella bronchoseptica
23
Q

How is PRC transmitted?

What is the complexes incubation time?

A

Viral - Aerosol/ direct contact, Incubation 12-24hrs

Mycoplasma - wind borne, carriers

BB - aerosol/ nasal contact

24
Q

Describe the clinical signs associated with PRC.

A
  1. PRRSV/SIV - Piglets - cough/pneumonia/fever, Sows - Pyrexia, abortion, cough, pneumonia (develop immunity)
  2. PCV2 - Repro failure/ < litter size, Watery scour, Dyspnoea, Ill thrift
  3. Mycoplasma - primary mild disease, secondary (acute - severe pneumonia, chronic - prolonged cough, heavy breathing, lung lesions
  4. BB - sneezing, snort, epistaxis, bronchopneumonia, <wt></wt>
25
How can PRC pathogens be diagnosed?
Viral - PCR, histopath, serology Bacterial - Culture, PCR, ELISA, serology, PM
26
What is the pathogenesis of Bordetella bronchiseptica?
1. Colonised ciliated epithelium 2. Decrease mucociliary escalator 3. Toxins cause turbinate breakdown
27
What antibiotics can be used in the control of bacterial causes of PRC?
* Mycoplasma * Oxytetracycline * Tiamulin * Lincospectin * Beta lactams * BB - wide susceptibility to many antibiotics
28
Proliferative enteritis and haemorrhagic bowel syndrome are caused by which bacteria?
Lawsonia intracellularis
29
Outline the clinical signs associated with PPE&HBS. Which age group is the condition usually associated with? How does this differ in growers?
1. Clinical signs 1. Acute bloody diarrhoea/ sudden death 2. Chronic and subclinical carriage also 2. Usually finisher pigs 3. Growers - HBS
  • Sudden death, thinning ileum, haemorrhagic ducts
    •
    30
    Pathogenesis of PPE&HBS
    1. Ingested pathogen 2. Infects enterocytes 3. Hyperplasia of crypt cells 4. T3/5SS = host inflammatory response
    31
    Which three disease states are caused by E. coli in pigs? Name the strains responsible.
    1. Neonatal scours - K88 fimbrae types 2. Post-weaning diarrhoea - ETEC 3. Oedema disease - STEC (O138, O139, O141)
    32
    The porcine vaccination for E. coli utilises which bacterial protein?
    K88
    33
    Outline the clinical signs of Oedema disease.
    * Increased and rapid mortality * Odd squeal, stupour, ataxia, anorexia * Fluid accumulation - bowel * Facial oedema * +/- diarrhoea (rare)
    34
    Which clostridrial strains have been associated with enteric disease in pigs? Outline the clinical signs associated with each
    Perfringens (a,b,c,d) intoxication (gassy diarrhoea, necrotic lesions * A - low-grade chronic diarrhoea * C - acute neonatal diarrhoea \> mortality Novyi * Sow systemic infection * Necrotic/ gangreneous lesions * aero chocolate liver * very rapid decomposition after death
    35
    Typhoidal disease and invasive necrotic enteritis septicaemia are associated with which pig adapted Salmonella strain?
    Salmonella Choleraesus
    36
    Salmonella Typhimurium & Derby are associated with what clinical signs?
    Mild inflammatory gastroenteritis OR asymptomatic in the gut/ mesenteric lymphnodes.
    37
    Describe three ways in which Salmonella can be diagnosed.
    1. Faecal culture on Brilliant green or XLD 2. Sero/phage typing 3. Sequence based typing
    38
    Which strains of campylobacter are associated with enteritis in pigs?
    Coli and mucosalis
    39
    How is rotavirus transmitted between pigs?
    Sows excrete virus at farrowing - good survivability in the environment
    40
    Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus is which type of virus?
    Coronavirus
    41
    What clinicals signs and pathology are associated with Rotavirus?
    Infects intestinal epithelium and damages villus tips. Causes piglet enteritis and scour
    42
    PEDV causes what clinical signs.
    Respiratory disease and increased morbidity/ neonatal diarrhoea
    43
    Transmissable gastroenteritis virus is which type of virus?
    Coronavirus
    44

    ID (13 decks)

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