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Pig diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Which sarcoptes species causes Sarcoptic mange in pigs?

A

Sarcoptes scabei var suis

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2
Q

How is sarcoptic mange transmitted between pigs?

A

Direct/ vector transmission

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3
Q

Describe the clinical signs which are associated with porcine sarcoptic mange.

A
  • Encrusted lesions on the legs, ears and body
  • Pruritis
  • Headshaking/ ear damage
  • Hypersensitivity - red pimple lesions
  • Decreased growth rates
  • Infertility/ reproductive failure - males transfer infection
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4
Q

How can porcine sarcoptic mange be diagnosed, treated and prevented?

A
  1. Dx - deep skin scrapes
  2. Tx - Avermectin injections - may need double treatment
  3. Prevent/ control - Herd avermectin treatments, biosecurity
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5
Q

Exudative epidermitis is also known as …

Which bacteria causes the disease?

A

Greasy pig disease

Staphylococcus hyicus

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6
Q

What is the transmission route of exudative epidermitis?

A

Bacteria gain access to epidermis through wounds, humid environmetn (follicles) and maternal infection

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7
Q

Outline the clinical signs associated with Greasy pig disease for:

  1. Sow
  2. Piglets
  3. Weaners/ growers
  4. Overall
A
  1. Sow - localised face and eye lesions, vulval colonisation, rare
  2. Piglets - lesions at >5 days old
  3. Weaners/ growers - most severe lesions seen
  4. Overall:
    1. ​Acute/ chronic dermatitis - breakdown of cell-cell adhesions
    2. Greasy fluid oozes
    3. Greasy brown/grey scabs
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8
Q

Outline the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus hyicus.

A

Bacteria penetrate the epidermis

Cause breakdown of cell-cell adhesions

Leakage of greasy exudate

Formation of greasy brown/grey scabs

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9
Q

How can an greasy pig outbreak be treated/ controlled?

A

Tx - Antibiotic injections - amoxycillin/ lincomycin. Topical - salvon/virkon

Control - Hygiene/ biosecurity

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10
Q

Describe aetiological agents associated with porcine dermatitis and neuropathy syndrome.

(viral and bacterial)

A
  1. Viral
    1. PCV
    2. PRRSV
  2. Bacterial
    1. Pasturella multocida
    2. Strep spp.
    3. Gram -ves - LPS
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11
Q

Outline the clinical signs associated with porcine dermatitis and neuropathy syndrome.

A
  • Extensive greasy brown/grey/puple-red raised blotches over chest, abdo, thigh and forelimb
  • Depressed
  • anorexic
  • fever
  • immobile
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12
Q

What post mortem lesions would be found in a pig which suffered with PDNS?

A
  • Petechial haemorrhage
  • Interstitial nephritis
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13
Q

Swine dysentery is caused by which bacteria?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

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14
Q

How is swine dysentery transmitted?

What is the incubation period of the disease?

A
  1. Transmission - Faecal-oral, intermediate hosts (mouse/bird), environmental (resistant)
  2. Incubation period - 7-14d (up to 60d)
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15
Q

Outline the diagnosis, treatment and control techniques used in swine dysentery infections.

A
  1. Dx - Bacterial smear (morphology), PCR, PM, iFAT
  2. Tx - lincomycin, tiamulin, tylosin
  3. Control - Biosecurity
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16
Q

What clinical signs would be associated with swine dysentery outbreaks?

A
  • Mucohaemorrhagic diarrhoea
  • Tail twitch (discomfort)
  • Large intestine - severe inflammation
  • Hollowed appearance
  • Sunken eyes
  • Dehydration
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17
Q

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is caused by which type of virus?

Which other species viruses are caused by the same class?

A

Arterivirus

Equine arteritis, simian haemorrhagic fever

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18
Q

How is PRRSV transmitted?

A
  • Inhalation
  • Ingestion
  • Coitus
  • Skin damage
19
Q

Outline the pathogenesis of PRRSV.

A
  1. Innoculation
  2. Replication in mucosal, pulmonary and other macrophages
  3. Viraemia
  4. Distribution to systemic macrophages and mononuclear’s
20
Q

What clinical signs are associated with PRRSV?

  1. Sow
  2. Neonates
  3. Growers/finishers
A
  1. Sow - abortion/weak piglets, premature, poor fertility, cyanosis of ears. Fever, anorexia, lethergy, eye/vulva discolouration, pneumonia
  2. Neonates - dyspnoea, CNS, increased mortality, ill thrift
  3. G/W - macrophage destruction, thicekned alveolar septum, heart lesions
21
Q

Outline protocol for diagnosis and control of PRRSV.

A

Dx - serology, ELISA, iFAT of oral fluids

Control - Vaccination (porcilis PRRSV - live attenuated)

22
Q

Which synergystic pathogens are associated with porcine respiratory complex?

(name the relevant strains)

x6

A
  • PRRSV
  • Swine influenza
    • H1N1
    • H1N2
    • H3N2
  • PCV2
  • Coronavirus, pseudorabies
  • Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
  • Bordetella bronchoseptica
23
Q

How is PRC transmitted?

What is the complexes incubation time?

A

Viral - Aerosol/ direct contact, Incubation 12-24hrs

Mycoplasma - wind borne, carriers

BB - aerosol/ nasal contact

24
Q

Describe the clinical signs associated with PRC.

A
  1. PRRSV/SIV - Piglets - cough/pneumonia/fever, Sows - Pyrexia, abortion, cough, pneumonia (develop immunity)
  2. PCV2 - Repro failure/ < litter size, Watery scour, Dyspnoea, Ill thrift
  3. Mycoplasma - primary mild disease, secondary (acute - severe pneumonia, chronic - prolonged cough, heavy breathing, lung lesions
  4. BB - sneezing, snort, epistaxis, bronchopneumonia, <wt></wt>
25
Q

How can PRC pathogens be diagnosed?

A

Viral - PCR, histopath, serology

Bacterial - Culture, PCR, ELISA, serology, PM

26
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A
  1. Colonised ciliated epithelium
  2. Decrease mucociliary escalator
  3. Toxins cause turbinate breakdown
27
Q

What antibiotics can be used in the control of bacterial causes of PRC?

A
  • Mycoplasma
    • Oxytetracycline
    • Tiamulin
    • Lincospectin
    • Beta lactams
  • BB - wide susceptibility to many antibiotics
28
Q

Proliferative enteritis and haemorrhagic bowel syndrome are caused by which bacteria?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

29
Q

Outline the clinical signs associated with PPE&HBS.

Which age group is the condition usually associated with?

How does this differ in growers?

A
  1. Clinical signs
    1. Acute bloody diarrhoea/ sudden death
    2. Chronic and subclinical carriage also
  2. Usually finisher pigs
  3. Growers - HBS<ppe>
    <li>Sudden death, thinning ileum, haemorrhagic ducts</li>
    </ppe>
30
Q

Pathogenesis of PPE&HBS

A
  1. Ingested pathogen
  2. Infects enterocytes
  3. Hyperplasia of crypt cells
  4. T3/5SS = host inflammatory response
31
Q

Which three disease states are caused by E. coli in pigs?

Name the strains responsible.

A
  1. Neonatal scours - K88 fimbrae types
  2. Post-weaning diarrhoea - ETEC
  3. Oedema disease - STEC (O138, O139, O141)
32
Q

The porcine vaccination for E. coli utilises which bacterial protein?

A

K88

33
Q

Outline the clinical signs of Oedema disease.

A
  • Increased and rapid mortality
  • Odd squeal, stupour, ataxia, anorexia
  • Fluid accumulation - bowel
  • Facial oedema
  • +/- diarrhoea (rare)
34
Q

Which clostridrial strains have been associated with enteric disease in pigs?

Outline the clinical signs associated with each

A

Perfringens (a,b,c,d) intoxication (gassy diarrhoea, necrotic lesions

  • A - low-grade chronic diarrhoea
  • C - acute neonatal diarrhoea > mortality

Novyi

  • Sow systemic infection
  • Necrotic/ gangreneous lesions
  • aero chocolate liver
  • very rapid decomposition after death
35
Q

Typhoidal disease and invasive necrotic enteritis septicaemia are associated with which pig adapted Salmonella strain?

A

Salmonella Choleraesus

36
Q

Salmonella Typhimurium & Derby are associated with what clinical signs?

A

Mild inflammatory gastroenteritis OR asymptomatic in the gut/ mesenteric lymphnodes.

37
Q

Describe three ways in which Salmonella can be diagnosed.

A
  1. Faecal culture on Brilliant green or XLD
  2. Sero/phage typing
  3. Sequence based typing
38
Q

Which strains of campylobacter are associated with enteritis in pigs?

A

Coli and mucosalis

39
Q

How is rotavirus transmitted between pigs?

A

Sows excrete virus at farrowing - good survivability in the environment

40
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus is which type of virus?

A

Coronavirus

41
Q

What clinicals signs and pathology are associated with Rotavirus?

A

Infects intestinal epithelium and damages villus tips.

Causes piglet enteritis and scour

42
Q

PEDV causes what clinical signs.

A

Respiratory disease and increased morbidity/ neonatal diarrhoea

43
Q

Transmissable gastroenteritis virus is which type of virus?

A

Coronavirus

44
Q
A

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