Poultry Disease and Treatment Options Flashcards
What are the bodies natural factors that contribute to the development of disease?
Genetics
Immunity
Environment
Nutrition
What happens when we breed birds for meat?
Increase in growth traits leads to decrease in immunity
When a bird gets a viral disease where are its resources shifted from and too?
Too fighting the viral pathogen
From growth and egg production
What are some key things to remember when handling poultry?
Stress easily
Be in box or carrier
Hold with both hands around entire wings and body
Control wings and legs
if on exam table give towel for traction
What are some anatomical differences between birds and other animals?
Integumentary - skin and feather
Respiratory - complete tracheal ring, non-expansive ling, air sac no diaphragm
Gastrointestinal - no teeth, crop, gizzard, cloaca, cecal tonsil
Circulatory- 2 portal systems
Hematological - no RBC, no liquefactive enzyme
Renal - uric acid and no bladder
Immunological - bursa no lymph nodes
Reproductive: only left side develops, egg in many stages
Musculoskeletal - bone pneumatic
CNS/Special senses - few gyri, sulci, bone in eye, large optic lobe
What are some signs of illness in birds?
Resp: Sneeze, snick, oculo-nasal discharge, swollen sinus, open mouth breath, harsh sound, head shake, vulture stance
GIT: loose stool, pasty vent, bloody diarrhea, weight loss, vulture stance
Neuro: lameness, abnormal head position, fall over, abnormal gait, inability to stand
Cardio: sudden death, water-belly
Reproductive: edd production loss, abnormal shape and texture, straining
What are some important disease of backyard birds?
AI
ILT
New Castles
Mareks
Chlamydophilia
Mycoplasma
E.coli
Salmonella
Bumble foot
Mites
coccidia
worm - heterakis, round worm
Egg binding
soft shell
prolapse
What are signs of AI?
High morbidity and mortality (may have no signs)
resp
production drop
external hemorrhage and cyanosis
sinusitis
Swelling head, eyelid, comb wattle, hock, purple wattle, comb and leg
Decrease in feed and water intake, misshapen eggs
(Highest in CA, IA and OH currently)
Many species effected by this
How is avian influenza classically spread? Who gets it?
Backyard birds with access to water source with wild carrier birds
What are signs of ILT? Is it reportable?
Reportable in VA
Difficulty breathing, blood expectorate, conjuctivits and swollen eyes
High morbidity and mortality
What is another name for newcastles disease
Avian PMV 1
What are the 3 forms? Signs? Reportable?
Lentogenic, mesogenic, velogenic
Mild respiratory, high mortality with rep or nervous
Velogenic = reportable
Vaccination
What are the 2 forms of avian pox?
Cutaneous - dry (red to brown scab)
diphtheritis - wet (Upper resp/GIT, dyspnea and inappetance
Self limiting (Spread by mosquitoes)
Vaccination
What is Markes disease?
How is it spread?
Signs? Age group?
Viral neoplasia
Feather dander
Depression, cachexia, asymmetric paralysis, dilation crop, blidness
Young 2-7 months
What are signs and treatment for Chlamydophila? Is it reportable? What kind of signs do you get if you get this?
Conjunctivits, mild resp, diarrhea (yellow-green), Reportable, flu like
Doxycycline
What are the signs of mcoplasma?
Aymptomatic
Drop egg production
Respiratory - oculonasal, swollen Sinus
Where does E.coli come from?
Environment
secondary disease
bad ventilation
How do you know a bird has salmonella and how do you treat?
Zoonotic
No signs to diarrhea and high mortality
will always shed it
What is bumble foot and how is it treated?
Bacteria - staph aureus
Purulent arthritis and tenosynovitis
Skin break
Swollen, hot joint, white to yellow fibropurulent exudate
-need to sedate and remove plug
What are some common external parasites in poultry?
Red mites - anemia
Northern Fowl mites - Weight loss
Irritable, agitated and losing weight
What are some internal parasites of birds?
Heterakis (cecal worm)
-bad turkey - blackhead
Ascarids (round), large impaction
Tapeworms - normal
Coccidia- free range - different species per species - diarrhea, weight loss, stunt = amprolium
What are some reproductive diseases of poutlry?
Egg-binding - obesity, ca defiecnt
Soft shell - ca:p imbalance, infectoius
Vaginal prolapse - obese,may never lay again
How do we prevent and treat disease?
Vaccination
Deworm
Coccidiostat
Nutrition
Quarantine new birds
Antibiotic
Parasitidce
TLC
What should you always remember when treating backyard birds?
They are considered a food animal species always!(FARAD)
-Tricky to get egg withdrawal in birds
-illegal to sell eggs that have been treated off-label
Broilerwithdrawl + 14d = layer withdrawal
