Poultry Flashcards
What is the gross income (in billions) of poultry and eggs?
42 billion
What year will poultry production surpass pig production?
2020
How fast can chickens run?
9 miles per hour
what are poultry hobbyists?
not large in terms of economic value
comprise of a large and dedicated group of individuals
What are the industrial uses of eggs, feathers, and chicks?
- Pharmaceutical and vaccine production
- research (especially chicks)
- products: paints, varnishes, printing ink
- cushions, pillows, mattress, insulation material
What is a Hen?
- a matured turkey or chicken
How old is a Turkey Hen?
greater than 7 days of age, raised for meat or breeding purposes
How old is a chicken hen?
greater than 20 weeks old, raised for egg production
what is a pullet?
an immature female chick
What is a chick
a young chicken of either sex, from day 1 to 5-6 weeks old
What is a rooster?
a mature male chicken
What is a Tom?
a mature male turkey
what is a Gander?
a mature male goose
What is a Cockerel?
immature intact male chicken less than one year of age
What is a Capon?
it is a neutered male chicken produced for specialty meat markets (USDA = 4 months of age)
Poult
young turkey (male or female) from 1 day to 2 weeks
When and where was poultry domesticted?
3400 years ago in India and China
DNA testing proved that chickens descended from what animal?
Descended from the Red Jungle fowl (native to thailand
When did Poultry come the the US?
1500s to 1800s and were transported by European settlers
Do chickens prefer to be in individual cages or in groups?
individual cages
- prevents spread of diseases
- chickens can fight
- they prefer to have their own cages
Forced molting stated in 1932. What is it?
some feathers (partial molt) or all feathers (full molt) are shed and replaced, varies by species and season
During the 1940s-1960s, scientific, market, and policy changes lowered production costs. Why?
- improved genetics
- improved knowledge of nutritional requirements
- Stable interior environments
4 improved disease control
5 Birth of Vertical Integration
What is economy of scale?
cost advantages obtained with cost per unit of output generally decreasing with increasing size as fixed costs are spread out over more units of output
What is Vertical Integration?
Coordination (usually single ownership) of the various levels of producing, processing, and distributing poultry
How many poultry companies produce 87% of egg production?
60 companies (organic 4.7%, cage free 8.5%)
Increased demand for poultry
- health perception
- convenience (processed or value added like ready to eat frozen foods)
- fast food
- low cost (67-78%of
- live weight is edible)
- exports 18% of U.S poultry production is exported
Can chickens fly?
Yes but not for long
What do poultry eat?
- they are omnivores (monogastric) diet is higher in concentrates -
- food is in mashed or pelleted form
broiler chicken is being marketed at how old?
5-9 weeks
How many eggs can a hen produced every year?
250 to 300 eggs per year
Why do people molt?
helps with the production of good eggs
Chicken Reproductive A and P
- 2 ovaries (right ovary tends to become nonfunctional)
- 2 oviducts
- cloaca
Ovary
cluster of ova (yolks)
-each yolk is contained within a thin membranous follicle
-
Infundibulum
sperm reservior
site of fertilization
3-4 in
Magnum
15 in.
Uterus
“Shell gland”
shell spends about 21 hrs in uterus
Vagina
4 inch, cuticle added, muscle to move egg out
What is the difference between layer chicken and broiler chicken?
IDK ahhh
What is the difference between layer chicken and broiler chicken?
IDK ahhh
Salmonella
inside of egg was initially considered sterile untill eggs contaminated with salmonella enteritidis were identified
the infections occurred in the ovaries and was found in the yolk of the egg
Salmonella
- inside of egg was initially considered sterile until eggs contaminated with salmonella enteritidis were identified
- the infections occurred in the ovaries and was found in the yolk of the egg
What are the quantitative traits in poultry genetics?
influenced/inherited by many genes
- egg production potential
- egg size
- growth rate
What are the high heritability traits?
body weight, feed consumption, egg weight, egg shape/color