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anisci 101 > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gross income (in billions) of poultry and eggs?

A

42 billion

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2
Q

What year will poultry production surpass pig production?

A

2020

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3
Q

How fast can chickens run?

A

9 miles per hour

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4
Q

what are poultry hobbyists?

A

not large in terms of economic value

comprise of a large and dedicated group of individuals

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5
Q

What are the industrial uses of eggs, feathers, and chicks?

A
  • Pharmaceutical and vaccine production
  • research (especially chicks)
  • products: paints, varnishes, printing ink
  • cushions, pillows, mattress, insulation material
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6
Q

What is a Hen?

A
  • a matured turkey or chicken
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7
Q

How old is a Turkey Hen?

A

greater than 7 days of age, raised for meat or breeding purposes

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8
Q

How old is a chicken hen?

A

greater than 20 weeks old, raised for egg production

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9
Q

what is a pullet?

A

an immature female chick

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10
Q

What is a chick

A

a young chicken of either sex, from day 1 to 5-6 weeks old

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11
Q

What is a rooster?

A

a mature male chicken

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12
Q

What is a Tom?

A

a mature male turkey

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13
Q

what is a Gander?

A

a mature male goose

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14
Q

What is a Cockerel?

A

immature intact male chicken less than one year of age

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15
Q

What is a Capon?

A

it is a neutered male chicken produced for specialty meat markets (USDA = 4 months of age)

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16
Q

Poult

A

young turkey (male or female) from 1 day to 2 weeks

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17
Q

When and where was poultry domesticted?

A

3400 years ago in India and China

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18
Q

DNA testing proved that chickens descended from what animal?

A

Descended from the Red Jungle fowl (native to thailand

19
Q

When did Poultry come the the US?

A

1500s to 1800s and were transported by European settlers

20
Q

Do chickens prefer to be in individual cages or in groups?

A

individual cages

  • prevents spread of diseases
  • chickens can fight
  • they prefer to have their own cages
21
Q

Forced molting stated in 1932. What is it?

A

some feathers (partial molt) or all feathers (full molt) are shed and replaced, varies by species and season

22
Q

During the 1940s-1960s, scientific, market, and policy changes lowered production costs. Why?

A
  1. improved genetics
  2. improved knowledge of nutritional requirements
  3. Stable interior environments
    4 improved disease control
    5 Birth of Vertical Integration
23
Q

What is economy of scale?

A

cost advantages obtained with cost per unit of output generally decreasing with increasing size as fixed costs are spread out over more units of output

24
Q

What is Vertical Integration?

A

Coordination (usually single ownership) of the various levels of producing, processing, and distributing poultry

25
Q

How many poultry companies produce 87% of egg production?

A

60 companies (organic 4.7%, cage free 8.5%)

26
Q

Increased demand for poultry

A
  1. health perception
  2. convenience (processed or value added like ready to eat frozen foods)
  3. fast food
  4. low cost (67-78%of
  5. live weight is edible)
  6. exports 18% of U.S poultry production is exported
27
Q

Can chickens fly?

A

Yes but not for long

28
Q

What do poultry eat?

A
  • they are omnivores (monogastric) diet is higher in concentrates -
  • food is in mashed or pelleted form
29
Q

broiler chicken is being marketed at how old?

30
Q

How many eggs can a hen produced every year?

A

250 to 300 eggs per year

31
Q

Why do people molt?

A

helps with the production of good eggs

32
Q

Chicken Reproductive A and P

A
  • 2 ovaries (right ovary tends to become nonfunctional)
  • 2 oviducts
  • cloaca
33
Q

Ovary

A

cluster of ova (yolks)
-each yolk is contained within a thin membranous follicle
-

34
Q

Infundibulum

A

sperm reservior
site of fertilization
3-4 in

35
Q

Magnum

36
Q

Uterus

A

“Shell gland”

shell spends about 21 hrs in uterus

37
Q

Vagina

A

4 inch, cuticle added, muscle to move egg out

38
Q

What is the difference between layer chicken and broiler chicken?

39
Q

What is the difference between layer chicken and broiler chicken?

40
Q

Salmonella

A

inside of egg was initially considered sterile untill eggs contaminated with salmonella enteritidis were identified
the infections occurred in the ovaries and was found in the yolk of the egg

41
Q

Salmonella

A
  • inside of egg was initially considered sterile until eggs contaminated with salmonella enteritidis were identified
  • the infections occurred in the ovaries and was found in the yolk of the egg
42
Q

What are the quantitative traits in poultry genetics?

A

influenced/inherited by many genes

  • egg production potential
  • egg size
  • growth rate
43
Q

What are the high heritability traits?

A

body weight, feed consumption, egg weight, egg shape/color

anisci 101 (14 decks)

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