10. laboratory animals Flashcards
how many animals are used per year?
dog- ~60k cats- ~21k rabbits- ~150k guinea pigs- ~170k hamster- ~122k non-human primates (NHP)- ~58k
most research are painful to animals.
True or false
false
94% of research are not painful
what is non-painful research
either the animal is not exposed to painful procedures or pain-relieving drugs are given
what is the life expectancy of humans born in 2013?
79 years
what are some benefits to humans from animal research?
- Immunization/Vaccines
- Antibiotics
- Anesthetics & Analgesics
- Chemotherapy
- Organ Transplants
- Surgical Procedures
- Insulin for Diabetics
- High Blood Pressure Medication
- Cataract Surgery
- Allergy Treatments
- Arthritis Treatments
- MS & MD Treatments
- Dental Treatments
- Joint Replacements
- ETC.
what are some benefits to animals from animal research?
- Immunization/Vaccines
- Antibiotics
- Anesthetics & Analgesics
- Chemotherapy
- Organ Transplants
- Surgical Procedures
- Parasite Treatments
- Artificial Insemination
- Embryo Transfer Techniques
- Better Nutrition in Pet Foods
- Pet heart disease treatments
- Joint Replacement in Hip Dysplasia
- Genetic Research for Inherited
Diseases in Purebred Animals - ETC
which animal is the most economical and easiest to use first?
mouse
animal species model selection
- Most economical and easiest to use first
- Choose species best characterized for a specific disease
- Choose availability of genetically altered animals
- Sample size requirements
- Surgical Manipulations
(Size & physiological similarity to humans) - Simulates specific disease state in humans
what are some animal models?
- Mice
- Rats
- Gerbils
- Hamsters
- Guinea Pigs
- Rabbits
- Cats
- Dogs
- Non-Human Primates
product safety tests
everything that goes in or on you must be proven safe by the FDA
what does “Not tested on animals” mean?
only the content of that bottle was not tested on animals
the chemical itself had to be tested to be considered safe
what are some tests used for product safety?
- toxicology test- draize test, skin irritancy
- Teratology Tests—products that cause birth defects
- Mutagenicity Tests—products that cause genetic mutations
FDA origin
came about in 1938 because of eyelash dye (blindness and death) and cough medicine (death)
animal welfare act definition of “animal”
“Any live or dead dog, cat, non-human primate,
guinea pig, hamster, rabbit used for research,
testing, experimentation, exhibition or as a pet.”
(Excludes mice, rats, birds and farm animals.)
Public Health Service Act definition of “animal”
“Any living vertebrate animal.”
Includes mice, rats, birds and farm animals.