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anisci 101 > 15. Horses > Flashcards

15. Horses Flashcards

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1
Q

what order are horses in?

A

perissodactyla

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2
Q

what is the scientific name of the true horse?

A

Equus caballus

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3
Q

when and where were horses domesticated?

A

5000 year old

e. hemisphere

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4
Q

evolution of horse

A

eohippus–> meohippus–> merychippus–> pliohippus–> equus

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5
Q

how many horses are there in the 2000s?

A

9 million

43%Recreation
29% Show
18% Rodeo, Polo, Ranching, etc.
10% Racing

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6
Q

what industry are horses a part of?

A

agriculture
sports/recreation
entertainment

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7
Q

breed

A

group with a common ancestry that resemble one another and pass similar traits to their offspring.

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8
Q

1 hands

A

4 inches

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9
Q

draft breed “coldblood”

A

origin = europe

height =14.2 to 19 Hands
Weight = 1400 to 2000 lbs

Heavy, solid, strong horses with calm temperament.

purpose = work, pulling loads

breeds:Percheron, Belgian, Clydesdale, Shire, Suffolk

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10
Q

light breeds “warmbloods and hotbloods”

A

Origin = Europe, Asia, North & South Americas

Height = 14.2 to 17.2 Hands
Weight = 900 to 1400 lbs

Purpose = Riding, driving, racing, etc.

Quarter Horse
Thoroughbred
Paint
Standardbred

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11
Q

which 2 light horses imported to the US have maintained in today;s horse history?

A

thoroughbred

arabians

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12
Q

ponies

A

Origin = Europe, Asia, North & South Americas

Height = < 14.2 hands
Weight = 300 to 900 lbs

Purpose = draft, heavy-harness, or saddle type; riding, driving, racing, etc.

Shetland
Hackney
Welsh
POA’s

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13
Q

Miniature Horses

A

Height < 34 (to 38) inches
Life span = 25 to 35 years

The American Miniature Horse is a beautiful, small, well balanced horse that if all reference to size were eliminated, would have the same conformational proportions of other full sized light breeds

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14
Q

foul

A

young horse (<1 yr)

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15
Q

filly

A

female <3-4 yr

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16
Q

colt

A

male <3-4 yr

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17
Q

mare

A

female > 4yr

18
Q

stallion

A

intact male >4yr (>5yr TB)

19
Q

gelding

A

castrated male

20
Q

donkey

A

long ears
short, upright mane
purpose = work animals

21
Q

jack

A

male donkey

22
Q

jennet

A

female donkey

23
Q

hinny

A

offspring of stallion x jennet

24
Q

mule

A

offspring of mare x jack

sterile

25
Q

when do fillies enter their puberty?

A

Fillies enter puberty around their 2nd spring (@ ~15 months)

poor nutrition can delay

ponies mature earlier

Fillies are usually not bred before 2 to 3 years of age

26
Q

how long is a horse gestation?

A

~11+ months

27
Q

ave estrous cycle length

A

21 days (18-24 days)

28
Q

Estrus

A

4-7 days

  • Shorter at peak season = 3 days
  • Estrus behavior depends on low Progesterone
29
Q

Diestrus

A

14-15 days

30
Q

what kind of breeder are horses?

A

Seasonally Polyestrous - Long-day Breeders

31
Q

Nutrition

A

Monogastric

Hindgut fermenter

32
Q

Continuous eater strategy

A

eating frequently in small
amounts and moving from place to place between
grazing.

Normally, horses graze 16-18 h/day.

33
Q

are stabled/confined horses still continuous eater?

A

no, they become meal eaters

Generally, a horse should receive 0.75–2% of its body weight in roughage per day.

34
Q

Equine Laminitis

A

Reluctance or inability to walk

Causes

1) Excess consumption of grain or lush pastures
2) Disease associated with sepsis or endotoxemia
3) Equine metabolic syndrome
4) Excess wt-bearing or exercise on hard surfaces.
5) Ingestion of black walnut shavings

35
Q

basic coat colors

A

bay
black
chestnut
white

36
Q

bay

A

Body: combination of a yellow, red, and brown

Points (lower legs, mane, and tail): black

37
Q

black

A

black body & black points

38
Q

chestnut

A

red bodies, manes, tails, and legs

no black anywhere

39
Q

white

A

born white and remains white

40
Q

Melanomas

A

Skin tumor associated with coat color in horses

Lesion = round, raised, black nodules of varying sizes

Treatment Options:
1) Surgical excision
2) Chemotherapy (intralesion)
+/- 3) Vaccine study underway at the University of Florida

41
Q

Horse Slaughter

A

controlled by Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA)

Safeguard American Food Export Act outlawed horse slaughter operation (consuming and exporting) in the US

anisci 101 (14 decks)

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