Potential exam questions Flashcards
What dose of clindamycin should be prescribed?
7.5 mg/kg -> 300mg
How often should clindamycin be taken?
8 hourly for 5 days
What dose of metronidazole should be prescribed?
10 mg/kg -> 400mg
How often should metronidazole be taken?
12 hourly for 5 days
What is the difference between a cvek pulpotomy and a normal pulpotomy?
A cvek pulpotomy is a pulpotomy in which the affected pulp is removed until 1 - 3mm below the inflamed pulp tissue.
A pulpotomy is the removal of pulp tissue from the pulp chamber
What is the treatment of a complicated crown fracture in primary teeth?
Primary teeth: Extract or refer to paeds. Paeds will do a cvek pulpotomy and restore.
What is the prevalence of MIH?
1 in 6
What is a Turner tooth?
A tooth that has reduced enamel thickness (hypoplasia) caused by infection or trauma in primary tooth affecting the permanent tooth as it’s developing.
What are the indications for a stainless steel crown?
Multisurface carious lesions affecting >3 surfaces. >2 under GA
High caries risk
Following pulp therapy
Defects of enamel
Fractures
Evidence of bruxism
Greater than 2/3rds root structure remaining
No pulpal pathology
Posterior tooth marginal ridge breakdown with no root caries?
Name 2 types of dental materials that have fluoride in them and the concentration of fluoride in them:
Fluoride varnish = 22600 ppm
Normal toothpaste = 1000 - 1500 ppm
Neutrafleur5000 = 5000 ppm
What is the difference between hypomineralisation and hypoplasia?
Hypomineralisation = qualitative defect of enamel
Hypoplasia = quantitative defect of enamel
What are the 3 types of amelogenesis imperfecta and how are they different?
Hypoplastic
Hypomineralised
Hypomature
What is the maximum dose of articaine?
7mg/kg like lidocaine
What is the cause of discolouration in primary teeth?
Trauma
Developmental defect
Name 2 conditions caused by cocksakie A virus:
Herpangina
Hand foot and mouth disease
What is the function of the vasoconstrictor in anaesthetics?
Reduce bleeding
Decrease systemic level of LA (decrease toxicity)
How does silver diamine fluoride work?
Bactericidal to cariogenic bacteria (Primarily strep mutans)
Inhibits growth of cariogenic biofilms on teeth
Remineralisation increased and decreased demineralisation
What is the concentration of fluoride in silver diamine fluoride?
44800ppm
What is subluxation and how is it treated?
Damage to PDL fibers leading to loosening and mobility
Treated conservatively with soft diet, analgesia, ongoing review and monitoring
What is avulsion? How is it treated?
Avulsion is when the tooth is completely removed from the socket,
Treated by cleaning the wound and suturing, If tooth is a primary tooth DO NOT REPLANT.
What is the calcification date of the maxillary lateral incisors?
10 - 12 months
When do the maxillary lateral incisors erupt?
8 - 9 years
What is the calcification date of maxillary first premolars?
18 - 24 months
When do the maxillary first premolars erupt?
10 - 11 years
What is the calcification date of the maxillary third molars?
7 - 9 years
When do the maxillary third molars erupt?
17 - 30 years
How should a spreading odontogenic infection be treated?
Metronidazole 400mg 12 hourly for 5 days
+ either:
Penicillin V 12.5mg/kg up to 500mg 6 hourly for 5 days
Or
Amoxycillin 15mg/kg up to 500 mg 8 hourly for 5 days
How should a spreading odontogenic infection be treated in people hypersensitive to penicillins?
Clindamycin 7.5 mg/kg up to 300 mg 8 hourly for 5 days
What is the formula for calculating maximum LA dosage?
Max dose (ml) = Max dose (mg/kg) x (weight (kg)/10)x (1/concentration of LA)
Name 3 medicaments used in pulpotomies and give pros and cons of using each:
Formocresol:
Adv: very high effectiveness (90 - 100% success rate)
Disadv: Carcinogenic
Ferric sulphate:
Adv: Equivalent clinical and radiographic performance to formocresol, operator and patient friendly, and financially viable.
Disadv: Induces inflammation, and technique sensitive
MTA:
Adv: Biocompatible, better seal than ZOE or amalgam, stimulates hard tissue formation
Disadv: Difficult to place and remove, long setting time, discolouration of the tooth, expensive
What is the dose of ibuprofen used for pain management?
5 - 10 mg/kg 6 - 8 hourly (max daily dose 2400)
What is the dose of paracetamol prescribed?
15 mg/kg 4 - 6 hourly
What are the skeletal indicators of anterior open bite?
Increased anterior open bite
Steep mandibular plane
Excessive vertical growth of maxilla
Downward rotation of the mandible
Excessive eruption of posterior teeth
What causes anterior open bite?
Skeletal:
Maxilla that has grown more posteriorly compared to anteriorly tipping the mandible downward and backwards.
Short mandibular ramus leading to downward backward rotation of mandible.
Dental: Thumb sucking leading to labial tipping of upper incisors and lingual tipping of mandibular incisors. Reduced eruption of incisors and overeruption of posterior teeth
How can anterior open bite be treated?
Cease the thumb sucking habit.
Skeletal problems more complex refer to ortho. Tx is to prevent downward growth of the maxilla and further eruption of posterior teeth in both arches. This is done via high pull headgear to maxillary molars, splint, or functional appliance.
Surgical treatment can also be used for vertical problems
What are the features of a skeletal deep bite?
Anterior deep bite
Mandibular deficiency
Class II div 2 malocclusion
Reduced lower face height
Everted and prominent lips
Low mandibular plane angle
Long mandibular ramus
Decreased eruption of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth
Anteriorly directed growth pattern with upward and forward rotation of the mandible
What is the cause of a deep bite?
Skeletal: caused by growth pattern leading to long mandibular ramus, decreased gonial angle, flat mandibular plane, decreased eruption of posterior teeth, anteriorly directed growth pattern with upward and forward rotation of the mandible.
Dental: Overeruption of the mandibular incisors
How is a deep bite treated?
In the case of skeletal deep bite the objective is to allow more eruption of the maxillary posterior teeth compared with the mandibular teeth and increasing the lower face height. This is done by using cervical pull headgear or a deep bite functional appliance. Deep bite functional appliance also improves A-P jaw relationship by controlling vertical movement of teeth during growth.
How does a deep bite functional appliance work?
It improves the A-P jaw relationship by controlling vertical movement of teeth during growth. Eruption of maxillary posterior teeth and incisors in both arches is blocked and so the mandibular teeth can erupt allowing levelling of the curve of spee.
