Dentoalveolar Trauma 1

Question 1

How common is oral trauma?

Answer 1

5% of all trauma

Question 2

How are injuries classified by extent?

Answer 2

Injuries to:

Hard dental tissues and pulp

Periodontal tissues

Supporting bone

Gingival or oral mucosa

Question 3

What are the types of injuries to hard dental tissues and pulp?

Answer 3

Crown infraction

Uncomplicated crown fracture

Complicated crown fracture

Uncomplicated crown-root fracture

Complicated crown-root fracture

Root fracture

Question 4

What is a crown infraction?

Answer 4

Crack of enamel with no loss of any tooth substance.

Often look like craze lines visible with transillumination.

Question 5

What is the difference between an uncomplicated and complicated crown fracture?

Answer 5

Fracture of enamel or enamel + dentine.

Pulp exposure in complicated

Question 6

What is an uncomplicated crown-root fracture?

Answer 6

Fracture involving cementum enamel and dentin

Question 7

What is a root fracture?

Answer 7

Involves cementum, dentin, and pulp

Question 8

What are the types of injuries to the periodontal tissues?

Answer 8

Concussion

Subluxation

Extrusive loosening

Lateral luxation

Intrusive luxation

Avulsion

Question 9

What are the features of a concussion?

Answer 9

injury to tooth supporting structures with no loosening, widening, or symptoms.

Tender to percussion

Question 10

What does subluxation mean?

Answer 10

Loosening as a result of injury to tooth-supporting structures.

With marked reaction to percussion

Often bleeding from the gingival sulcus

Question 11

What is extrusive luxation?

Answer 11

Partial displacement of tooth out of its socket in an axial direction

Question 12

What is lateral luxation?

Answer 12

Displacement of tooth in any direction other than axially

IT IS ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY FRACTURE OF ALVEOLAR SOCKET

Question 13

What is intrusive luxation?

Answer 13

Displacement into the socket in an axial direction into the alveolar bone

Always accompanied by fracture of alveolar socket.

Often some bleeding around the gingival sulcus.

Tooth will appear shorter and radiograph will show missing PDL space sometimes.

Question 14

Why can a lateral luxation resemble extrustion?

Answer 14

Crown can appear higher than the other adjacent teeth.

Question 15

What is avulsion?

Answer 15

Complete displacement of the tooth out of its socket.

Question 16

What are the types of injuries to alveolar bone?

Answer 16

Communition of the alveolar socket

Fracture of alveolar socket wall

Fracture of the alveolar process

Fracture of the jaw

Question 17

What is communition of the alveolar socket?

Answer 17

Crushing and compression of the socket

ALWAYS FOUND WITH INTRUSION AND LATERAL LUXATION

Question 18

What is fracture of alveolar socket wall?

Answer 18

Fracture confined to the facial or lingual socket wall

Always found with lateral luxation.

Can be found with other injuries such as intrusion and avulsion.

Question 19

What are the features of a fracture of the alveolar process?

Answer 19

The entire alveolar process is fractures and this may or may not involve the tooth socket.

Question 20

What are the features of a jaw fracture?

Answer 20

Involves the base of the jaw

Often involves the alveolar process

May or not involve a tooth socket

Question 21

What are the types of injuries to the gingival or oral mucosa?

Answer 21

Laceration

Contusion

Abrasion

Question 22

What is a laceration?

Answer 22

Shallow or deep wound in mucosa resulting from tear or sharp object

Can be caused by tooth movement

Question 23

What is a contusion?

Answer 23

A bruise caused by submucosal haemorrhage with no break in the mucosa

Caused by blunt force

Can be associated with other problems like fractured mandible.

Question 24

What is an abrasion?

Answer 24

Superficial wound with raw bleeding surface.

Caused by rubbing or scraping of the mucosa.

Tend to heal easily with no scarring.