Dentoalveolar Trauma 1 Flashcards
How common is oral trauma?
5% of all trauma
How are injuries classified by extent?
Injuries to:
Hard dental tissues and pulp
Periodontal tissues
Supporting bone
Gingival or oral mucosa
What are the types of injuries to hard dental tissues and pulp?
Crown infraction
Uncomplicated crown fracture
Complicated crown fracture
Uncomplicated crown-root fracture
Complicated crown-root fracture
Root fracture
What is a crown infraction?
Crack of enamel with no loss of any tooth substance.
Often look like craze lines visible with transillumination.
What is the difference between an uncomplicated and complicated crown fracture?
Fracture of enamel or enamel + dentine.
Pulp exposure in complicated
What is an uncomplicated crown-root fracture?
Fracture involving cementum enamel and dentin
What is a root fracture?
Involves cementum, dentin, and pulp
What are the types of injuries to the periodontal tissues?
Concussion
Subluxation
Extrusive loosening
Lateral luxation
Intrusive luxation
Avulsion
What are the features of a concussion?
injury to tooth supporting structures with no loosening, widening, or symptoms.
Tender to percussion
What does subluxation mean?
Loosening as a result of injury to tooth-supporting structures.
With marked reaction to percussion
Often bleeding from the gingival sulcus
What is extrusive luxation?
Partial displacement of tooth out of its socket in an axial direction
What is lateral luxation?
Displacement of tooth in any direction other than axially
IT IS ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY FRACTURE OF ALVEOLAR SOCKET
What is intrusive luxation?
Displacement into the socket in an axial direction into the alveolar bone
Always accompanied by fracture of alveolar socket.
Often some bleeding around the gingival sulcus.
Tooth will appear shorter and radiograph will show missing PDL space sometimes.
Why can a lateral luxation resemble extrustion?
Crown can appear higher than the other adjacent teeth.
What is avulsion?
Complete displacement of the tooth out of its socket.
What are the types of injuries to alveolar bone?
Communition of the alveolar socket
Fracture of alveolar socket wall
Fracture of the alveolar process
Fracture of the jaw
What is communition of the alveolar socket?
Crushing and compression of the socket
ALWAYS FOUND WITH INTRUSION AND LATERAL LUXATION
What is fracture of alveolar socket wall?
Fracture confined to the facial or lingual socket wall
Always found with lateral luxation.
Can be found with other injuries such as intrusion and avulsion.
What are the features of a fracture of the alveolar process?
The entire alveolar process is fractures and this may or may not involve the tooth socket.
What are the features of a jaw fracture?
Involves the base of the jaw
Often involves the alveolar process
May or not involve a tooth socket
What are the types of injuries to the gingival or oral mucosa?
Laceration
Contusion
Abrasion
What is a laceration?
Shallow or deep wound in mucosa resulting from tear or sharp object
Can be caused by tooth movement
What is a contusion?
A bruise caused by submucosal haemorrhage with no break in the mucosa
Caused by blunt force
Can be associated with other problems like fractured mandible.
What is an abrasion?
Superficial wound with raw bleeding surface.
Caused by rubbing or scraping of the mucosa.
Tend to heal easily with no scarring.
