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PLNT 4270 > Potato Diseases > Flashcards

Potato Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between dispersal of late blight and early blight?

A

Late blight is dispersed through seed, wind, and soil, while early blight is dispersed through seed, wind, and plant debris.

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2
Q

What are the six types of potato diseases?

A
  1. Fungal Diseases
  2. Bacterial Diseases
  3. Viral Diseases
  4. Diseases by nematodes
  5. Herbicide Damage
  6. Environmental Disorders.
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3
Q

What kinds of diseases are late and early blight?

A

Fungal diseases

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4
Q

Which 4 crops are mostly affected by late blight and early blight?

A

Potato, Tomato, Eggplant and Peppers.

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5
Q

Which disease caused the Irish potato famine?

A

Late blight

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6
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of late blight?

A

lesions on leaves with fuzzy white growth. Discoloration on potatoes and mold. It can spread in storage.

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7
Q

List 5 pre-planting management options for late blight.

A
  1. Cultivar: Some cultivars are more resistant than others.
  2. Sit selection: Site with good air movement and drainage.
  3. Crop rotation: rotation of 2-3 years of non-host crops.
  4. Elimination of overwintering inoculum
  5. Only plant-certified seed tubers.
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8
Q

List 4 management options for late blight in established potato fields.

A
  1. Irrigation: reduce the time leaves are wet.
  2. Fertilization: do not use excessive fertilizer.
  3. Scouting for disease
  4. Fungicide application
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9
Q

List 2 harvest and storage management options for late blight.

A
  1. Destroy foliage to present inoculation.
  2. Infected tubers should be removed before storage.
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10
Q

What are the symptoms of early blight?

A

Small and dark necrotic legions on leaves. Water soaked legions on tubers, legions on stems.

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11
Q

Are there any resistant cultivars for early blight?

A

No

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12
Q

What are 6 management techniques for early blight?

A
  1. Select a late-season variety
  2. Irrigation: Do not keep the leaves wet.
  3. Scout fields for infection
  4. Rotate foliar fungicide.
  5. Rotate fields to non-host crops for at least 3 years.
  6. Irradicate weed hosts to reduce inoculum.
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13
Q

What kind of a disease is Leak (Wet Rot)?

A

Fungal Disease.

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of leak?

A

Spongy, wet internal rot of tubers.

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15
Q

What kind of a pathogen is leak a result of?

A

Soil born pathogen.

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16
Q

When can leak cause significant losses?

A

During storage

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17
Q

What environment is favored by leak?

A

warm and moist conditions at harvest and early storage.

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18
Q

How does the pathogen that causes leak penetrate potatoes?

A

Through wounds and lenticles.

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19
Q

What kind of a disease is Black scurf?

A

It is a fungal disease.

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20
Q

What kind of defects does Black scurf have?

A

External defects.

21
Q

What is the cause of dispersal in Black scurf?

A

Seed and Soil.

22
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Blackscruf?

A

Sclerotia on tubers, sprout infection, and root legions.

23
Q

What does Blackscruf lead to?

A

Reduces emergence yield.

24
Q

What kind of a disease is sclerotia stem rot?

A

Fungal disease

25
Q

When is sclerotia stem rot most likely to be found in potatoes?

A

In fields close to canola or other susceptible crops. Also within wet canopies.

26
Q

How can you manage this disease?

A

Fungicides

27
Q

What kind of a disease is Black Leg and soft rot in potatoes?

A

Bacterial disease

28
Q

What kind of a disease is Black Leg and soft rot in Canola?

A

Fungal disease

29
Q

What is the common symptom between blackleg in Canola and blackleg in potato?

A

Wilting

30
Q

What are the 4 methods of dispersal for Black leg?

A

Seed, Water, Soil and storage

31
Q

What kind of defects does blackleg have?

A

Internal and external

32
Q

At which stage does blackleg occur?

A

Can occur at any stage.

33
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Blackleg?

A

Inky, black decay that usually begins from seed piece, and wilting.

34
Q

When is Blackleg most detrimental?

A

When in storage. infected tubers get soft rot and pass on the soft rot to all other potatoes under poor storage conditions.

35
Q

Which environment does blackleg favor?

A

Warm and wet conditions

36
Q

What are two ways to manage Blackleg?

A

Sanitation and Resistance in some varieties.

37
Q

What kind of bacteria causes Bacterial Ring Rot?

A

Gram positive

38
Q

Is Bacterial rig rot localized or systemic?

A

Systemic

39
Q

What is the method of dispersal for bacterial ring rot?

A

Seed, water and soil

40
Q

What kind of defects does bacterial ring rot cause?

A

External and Internal

41
Q

What is the symptom of bacterial ring rot?

A

Ring formation on potatoes.

42
Q

What kind of a disease is the common scab?

A

Bacterial disease.

43
Q

What kind of a bacterial pathogen causes the common scab?

A

Soil-born

44
Q

What are the ideal environmental conditions for the common scab?

A

warm, dry and soil pH of 5.2

45
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of the common scab?

A

Corky raised or pitted legions

46
Q

What are 3 ways to manage the common scab?

A
  1. Chloropicrin soil fumigation
  2. Scab tolerant varieties
  3. Rotation with small grains and alfalfa.
47
Q

What are the 3 common potato viruses?

A

Potato virus A, Y and V.

48
Q

How are the 3 potato viruses transmitted?

A

by Aphids

49
Q

What is the sign of potato viruses?

A

Mosaics.

PLNT 4270 (17 decks)

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