Fungal diseases

Question 1

What is Symbiosis?

Answer 1

An interaction between two species.

Question 2

What is Mutualism?

Answer 2

It is a symbiotic interaction where both organisms benefit.

Question 3

What is Parasitism?

Answer 3

A symbiotic interaction where one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.

Question 4

What is Commensalism?

Answer 4

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.

Question 5

What is Amensalism?

Answer 5

A symbiotic relationship where one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected.

Question 6

What are pathogens?

Answer 6

Parasites that cause disease.

Question 7

What is the difference between Parasites and Saprophytes?

Answer 7

Parasites: Host is living.
Saprophytes: The host is dead organic matter.

Question 8

What are facultative saprophytes?

Answer 8

Parasites but saprophytes occasionally.

Question 9

What are facultative parasites?

Answer 9

Saprophytes but parasites occasionally.

Question 10

What are Biotrophs, Necrotrophs, and Hemibiotrophs?

Answer 10

Biotrophs: Live and reproduce in living organisms.
Necrotrophs: L ive and reproduce on dead host.
Hemibiotrophs: Can live on living hosts but end up killing the host and living on dead tissue.

Question 11

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 11

Eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus and Prokaryotes do not.

Question 12

What is a heterotroph?

Answer 12

It is an organism that cannot produce their own food.

Question 13

Are fungi unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 13

Both

Question 14

How many known fungus species are saprophytic?

Answer 14

More than 100,000

Question 15

How many fungus species cause disease in humans?

Answer 15

50

Question 16

How many fungus species cause disease in plants?

Answer 16

10,000

Question 17

What is the mycelium?

Answer 17

The mass of hyphae constituting the body of the fungus.

Question 18

What is Hyphae?

Answer 18

Individual branches of the mycelium.

Question 19

What do fungal cell walls consist of?

Answer 19

Glucans and Chitin.

Question 20

What is the Thallus?

Answer 20

The vegetative body of a fungus.

Question 21

How do spores produce?

Answer 21

Sexually and asexually.

Question 22

Name that 3 structures within the Hyphae.

Answer 22

1. Stroma
2. Sclerotium
3. Long-lived hyphae

Question 23

What is the Stroma?

Answer 23

Compact mass of hyphae cells

Question 24

What is the sclerotium?

Answer 24

It is a compact mass of hardened fungal mycelium containing food reserves. This structure is resistant to unfavorable weather conditions.

Question 25

What are long-lived hyphae?

Answer 25

They are transport systems of the fungus.

Question 26

How many types of long lived hyphae are there?

Answer 26

3

Question 27

What are the two types of asexual spores in fungi?

Answer 27

Conidia and Sporangia.

Question 28

What are the three types of sexual spores in fungi?

Answer 28

1. Zygospores 2. Ascospores 3. Basidiospores

Question 29

What are resting spores?

Answer 29

These are spores designed to survive extreme weather.

Question 30

Name 2 resting spores.

Answer 30

Chlamydospores and Sclerotia.

Question 31

What is an ascus?

Answer 31

It is a sac like structure in which ascospores develop. Usually cylindrical.

Question 32

What is plasmogamy?

Answer 32

Fusion of cells WITHOUT fusion of nucleus.

Question 33

What is Karyogamy?

Answer 33

Fusion of cells WITH fusion of nucleus.

Question 34

What does Homothalic mean?

Answer 34

Capable of sexual reproduction on the same organism with both sexual organs present on the same thallus.

Question 35

What does Heterothalic mean?

Answer 35

Capable of sexual production only if genetically different mycelia is present.

Question 36

What is sporulation?

Answer 36

It is the formation of spores.

Question 37

What do you call a hyphae that is separated?

Answer 37

Septate

Question 38

What do you call hyphae that is not separated?

Answer 38

Coenocytic

Question 39

What are the three transporter systems of hyphae?

Answer 39

1. Runner Hyphae 2. Mycelial strands 3. Rhizomorphs

Question 40

What are the three Hyphal adaptations in biotrophs?

Answer 40

1. Appressoria 2. Haustoria 3. Penetration pegs.