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PLNT 4270 > Fungal diseases > Flashcards

Fungal diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is Symbiosis?

A

An interaction between two species.

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2
Q

What is Mutualism?

A

It is a symbiotic interaction where both organisms benefit.

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3
Q

What is Parasitism?

A

A symbiotic interaction where one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.

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4
Q

What is Commensalism?

A

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.

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5
Q

What is Amensalism?

A

A symbiotic relationship where one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected.

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6
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Parasites that cause disease.

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7
Q

What is the difference between Parasites and Saprophytes?

A

Parasites: Host is living.
Saprophytes: The host is dead organic matter.

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8
Q

What are facultative saprophytes?

A

Parasites but saprophytes occasionally.

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9
Q

What are facultative parasites?

A

Saprophytes but parasites occasionally.

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10
Q

What are Biotrophs, Necrotrophs, and Hemibiotrophs?

A

Biotrophs: Live and reproduce in living organisms.
Necrotrophs: L ive and reproduce on dead host.
Hemibiotrophs: Can live on living hosts but end up killing the host and living on dead tissue.

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11
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus and Prokaryotes do not.

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12
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

It is an organism that cannot produce their own food.

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13
Q

Are fungi unicellular or multicellular?

A

Both

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14
Q

How many known fungus species are saprophytic?

A

More than 100,000

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15
Q

How many fungus species cause disease in humans?

A

50

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16
Q

How many fungus species cause disease in plants?

A

10,000

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17
Q

What is the mycelium?

A

The mass of hyphae constituting the body of the fungus.

18
Q

What is Hyphae?

A

Individual branches of the mycelium.

19
Q

What do fungal cell walls consist of?

A

Glucans and Chitin.

20
Q

What is the Thallus?

A

The vegetative body of a fungus.

21
Q

How do spores produce?

A

Sexually and asexually.

22
Q

Name that 3 structures within the Hyphae.

A
  1. Stroma
  2. Sclerotium
  3. Long-lived hyphae
23
Q

What is the Stroma?

A

Compact mass of hyphae cells

24
Q

What is the sclerotium?

A

It is a compact mass of hardened fungal mycelium containing food reserves. This structure is resistant to unfavorable weather conditions.

25
Q

What are long-lived hyphae?

A

They are transport systems of the fungus.

26
Q

How many types of long lived hyphae are there?

A

3

27
Q

What are the two types of asexual spores in fungi?

A

Conidia and Sporangia.

28
Q

What are the three types of sexual spores in fungi?

A
  1. Zygospores
  2. Ascospores
  3. Basidiospores
29
Q

What are resting spores?

A

These are spores designed to survive extreme weather.

30
Q

Name 2 resting spores.

A

Chlamydospores and Sclerotia.

31
Q

What is an ascus?

A

It is a sac like structure in which ascospores develop. Usually cylindrical.

32
Q

What is plasmogamy?

A

Fusion of cells WITHOUT fusion of nucleus.

33
Q

What is Karyogamy?

A

Fusion of cells WITH fusion of nucleus.

34
Q

What does Homothalic mean?

A

Capable of sexual reproduction on the same organism with both sexual organs present on the same thallus.

35
Q

What does Heterothalic mean?

A

Capable of sexual production only if genetically different mycelia is present.

36
Q

What is sporulation?

A

It is the formation of spores.

37
Q

What do you call a hyphae that is separated?

A

Septate

38
Q

What do you call hyphae that is not separated?

A

Coenocytic

39
Q

What are the three transporter systems of hyphae?

A
  1. Runner Hyphae
  2. Mycelial strands
  3. Rhizomorphs
40
Q

What are the three Hyphal adaptations in biotrophs?

A
  1. Appressoria
  2. Haustoria
  3. Penetration pegs.

PLNT 4270 (17 decks)

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