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PLNT 4270 > Plant Disease Basics 1 > Flashcards

Plant Disease Basics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Phytopathology?

A

Phyto=Plant
Pathos= Suffering
Logia= Study

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2
Q

What are the two factors that cause disease?

A

Biotic factors: Infectious Pathogens.
Abiotic factors: Non-infectious and Non-living. This causes more than 50% of the plant problems.

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3
Q

What are the four ways to distinguish between biotic and abiotic stress?

A

-Signs and symptoms
-Environment History
-Soil characteristics
-Weather conditions

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4
Q

What is the difference between Signs and Symptoms?

A

Symptoms are the effects of the disease on the plant and Signs are the evidence of the presence of disease. Signs are only present in biotic factors.

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5
Q

What are the 7 common nutrition deficiencies and How do they affect the plant?

A

Iron: Intra-veinal chlorosis appears on newer leaves and eventually the leaves yellow and die.
Calcium: Stunted growth of newer leaves
Nitrogen: Light green upper leaves.
Potassium: Yellowing of tips and Edges.
Phosphorus: Dark leaves.
Manganese: Yellow spots and/or elongated holes.
Magnesium: Lower leaves turn yellow from the inside.

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6
Q

What is nutrient toxicity?

A

Giving your plant excessive amounts of minerals.

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7
Q

How do high salt levels effect plants?

A

It can cause yellowing

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8
Q

How does extreme weathers effect plants?

A

Frost- Affects sensitive organs or kills entire plants.
Heat Injury-Symptoms of scorching.

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9
Q

What are three things that need to be present for biotic stresses to occur?

A

-Pathogen
-Favorable environment
-Susceptible Host

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10
Q

What are the two classifications of fungi?

A

Parasites and Saprophytes

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11
Q

What are some symptoms of plant disease caused by fungi?

A
  • Leaf spots, Leaf curling
  • Galls, wilts
    -Canker, Stem and root rots
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12
Q

What are the two symptoms of plant disease caused by bacteria?

A

-Bacterial blight
-Bacterial spots

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13
Q

What is the difference between saprophytes vs. Parasites

A

Saprophytes get their nutrients from dead organic matter and Parasites get their nutrients from other organisms.

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14
Q

How many plant pathogenic bacteria are known?

A

about 1600 but only 100 are known to cause plant disease as most are facultative parasites.

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15
Q

Give examples of plant viruses.

A

Most mosaics, barley yellow dwarf, and potato leaf roll.

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16
Q

What are viruses?

A

Viruses are minute effective particles that can multiply and reproduce only in living cells and cause disease

17
Q

What is phytoplasma?

A

It is classified as a bacteria but lacks a cell wall. It is an obligate parasite (can only survive within its host).

18
Q

Where does phytoplasma reside?

A

It lives in the phloem of the plant. This bacteria is transmitted by phloem feeding insect (leaf hopper).

19
Q

What makes plants parasitic?

A

Their inability to produce chlorophyll.

20
Q

How many plant species are known to be parasitic?

A

More than 2500.

21
Q

What are Nematodes?

A

They are microscopic roundworms that extract the nutrients out of the roots of plants.

22
Q

What are 4 symptoms of nematodes attacking the plants?

A

Stunted growth, yellowing, wilting, knot like growth in roots.

23
Q

What are the four symptoms caused by gram-negative bacteria?

A
  1. Spots and Blights
  2. Rots
  3. Galls
  4. Vascular wilts
24
Q

What is the one symptom of gram-positive bacteria?

A

Common scab

25
Q

What are the four host plants for bacterial leaf streaks?

A
  1. What
  2. Barley
  3. Triticale
  4. Rye
26
Q

How much yield can bacterial leaf streak reduce?

A

40%

27
Q

What are some signs of BLS?

A
  1. Appearance of water-soaked leaves that develop into narcotic legions.
  2. Bacterial Ooze on leaf surface.
28
Q

How does BLS spread?

A

Through rain splashes

29
Q

Where do the symptoms of BLS show?

A

On the flag leaves

30
Q

What is black chaff?

A

This is when the BLS reaches up the plant on the grain and creates purple to black legions.

31
Q

What are the 3 favorable crop conditions for BLS?

A
  1. Temp. 15-30 C
  2. High humidity and free moisture.
  3. Favored by crop injury
32
Q

When is BLS most noticeable?

A

At flag leaf stage.

33
Q

How does the BLS pathogen survive?

A
  1. They can survive on weedy grasses.
  2. Can survive in the seed.
34
Q

What are some ways of controlling BLS?

A
  1. Use of certified seeds.
  2. Excluding weed hosts and rotating to a non-host.
  3. Resistant cultivars.
35
Q

What kind of bacteria causes Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight in Corn?

A

Gram positive bacterium

36
Q

Where does Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight overwinter?

A

It overwinters in corn and several grasses.

PLNT 4270 (17 decks)

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