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PLNT 4270 > Bacterial diseases > Flashcards

Bacterial diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

Usually single cellular organisms with no nucleus.

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2
Q

What is a gram test?

A

It is a test that helps determine if a bacteria is gram-positive or gram-negative.

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2
Q

What is the difference between a gram positive vs. a gram negative bacteria?

A

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker layer of peptidoglycan on the cell wall whereas gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan but instead they have an outer membrane.

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3
Q

Why is it important to know if a bacteria is gram-positive or gram-negative?

A

The different bacteria react differently to different pesticides.

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4
Q

How can you differentiate between gram positive and gram negative bacteria through a KOH test?

A

Gram -ve will be viscous slime and gram +ve will be no slime.

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5
Q

How can you differentiate between gram positive and gram negative bacteria through a gram staining test?

A

Gram +ve bacteria will stain purple whereas gram -ve bacteria will stain either pink or red.

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6
Q

What is one requirement for the bacteria to infect the plant?

A

Usually requires a critical mass of bacteria to colonize the host before infection.

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7
Q

What are 5 ways bacteria can spread?

A
  1. Wind
  2. Rain
  3. Aerosols
  4. Insects, Birds
  5. Humans
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8
Q

What are six symptoms caused by bacterial infections?

A
  1. Spots
  2. Rots
  3. Blights
  4. Galls
  5. Corks
  6. Wilts
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9
Q

What are four signs produced by bacteria?

A
  1. Bacterial exudate
  2. Slimy when fresh
  3. Bacterial ooze
  4. Streaming of Ooze
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10
Q

What are four symptoms of gram negative bacteria?

A
  1. Spots and blights.
  2. Rots
  3. Galls
  4. Vascular Wilts
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11
Q

What is one symptom of gram positive bacteria?

A

Common Scab

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12
Q

What were the two bacteria we swabbed in lab?

A

Xanthomonas translucens and Clavibacter

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13
Q

What kind of a bacteria is Xanthomonas translucens?

A

It is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacterium.

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14
Q

What bacteria causes bacterial leaf streak?

A

Xanthomonas translucens.

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15
Q

What are the four host plants for bacterial leaf streak?

A
  1. Wheat
  2. Barley
  3. Rye
  4. Triticale
16
Q

How much yield can bacterial leaf streak reduce?

A

~40%

17
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of bacterial leaf streak?

A

Water soaked streaks that develop into legions over time and yellow bacterial ooze on the surface of the leaves.

18
Q

How can bacterial leaf streak spread?

A

Rain, winds, and aphids.

19
Q

What does bacterial leaf streak eventually lead to?

A

It eventually leads to the flag leaves dying off and that leads to the plant unable to produce chlorophyll.

20
Q

What is black chaff?

A

Black chaff is a symptom of bacterial leaf streak. This occurs when the bacteria has traveled to the plant’s head and results in legions on the head.

21
Q

How does bacterial leaf streak survive?

A

Perennial weeds, and seeds of infected plants.

22
Q

What are the favorable conditions for the growth of bacterial leaf streaks?

A

-Humidity
-15 - 30 degrees C
-Wounds for the bacterial to enter through.

23
Q

What are four ways to control bacterial leaf streak?

A
  1. Use of certified seeds
  2. Treat seeds at 45 degrees for 20 mins.
  3. Resistant cultivars.
  4. Eliminating weed hosts and rotating to non-hosts.
24
Q

What bacteria causes Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight in corn?

A

Cavibacter michiganensis

25
Q

What kind of a bacteria is Cavibacter michiganensis?

A

It is a gram-positive bacteria.

26
Q

Where does cavibacter michiganesis overwinter?

A

In corn plant residue or other prairie grasses.

27
Q

How does Goss’s bacterial wilt spread?

A

It can spread through seeds and wounds.

28
Q

What are the favorable conditions for the growth of Goss’s bacterial wilt?

A

Wet weather and high humidity.

29
Q

What are the two phases of Goss’s bacterial wilt?

A
  1. Systemic wilt
  2. Foliar blight (Blight on the foliage)
30
Q

What are two symptoms exhibited during the systematic wilt phase of Goss’s bacterial wilt?

A
  1. In the cross-section of the stalk, vascular bundles have an orange color which turns brown after disease progression.
  2. Wilting
31
Q

What are 1 sign and 2 symptoms exhibited during the foliar blight phase of Goss’s bacterial wilt?

A
  1. Sign: Bacterial ooze or exudate. The exudate usually appears shiny and white.
  2. Symptom: Black freckles.
  3. Symptom: Water soaked legions first which lead to streaks of tan legions at the edges of leaf blades.
32
Q

What are the 4 ways to control Goss’s wilt?

A
  1. Reduce corn residue.
  2. Genetic resistance.
  3. Control weeds that are hosts for this disease.
  4. Prevention/Avoidance: Harvest and till affected fields last and make sure to clean equipment to prevent spread.

PLNT 4270 (17 decks)

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