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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > POTASSIUM, MAGNESIUM, CHLORIDE, BICARBONATE > Flashcards

POTASSIUM, MAGNESIUM, CHLORIDE, BICARBONATE Flashcards

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1
Q
  • “housed” within the cell
  • major intracellular cation in the body
A

potassium ion

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2
Q

what specimen is used if your test is potassium

A

serum

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3
Q

if the platelet count is increased what will be the result? what anticoagulant should be used to obtain what specimen?

A

increase potassium; heparin; obtain plasma

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4
Q

if the prolonged tourniquet application or fist clenching what will be the result?

A

increases potassium shift

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5
Q

in potassium determination whole blood samples should be stored at what temperature

A

room temperature

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6
Q

what are the colorimetric methods

A

lockhead and purcell method
ion selective electrode (potentiometry)

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7
Q

what are the components of the inner electrolyte solution in ISE that measures directly the potassium

A

valinomycin membrane
Potassium chloride

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7
Q

product of lockhead and purcell method

A

sodium potassium cobaltinitrite

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8
Q

substrate of lockhead and purcell method

A

sodium cobaltinitrite

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9
Q

color developer of lockhead and purcell method and what color is produced

A

phenol; blue

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10
Q

absorbance of potassium

A

578nm

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10
Q

reference and indicator of ISE

A

potentiometry

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10
Q

● Fourth most abundant cation
● Second most abundant intracellular ion

A

magnesium

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11
Q

Magnesium Specimen Consideration

A

Non-hemolyzed serum
Lithium Heparin Plasma
24-hour urine

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11
Q

where can you find majority of the magnesium

A

bone

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11
Q

Magnesium Functions

A

● essential cofactor
● transcellular ion transport
● neuromuscular transmission
● synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid
● release of and response to certain hormones

12
Q

what anticoagulants should be avoided because it will bind with magnesium

A

oxalate
citrate
ethylenediaminetetraacitic acid

13
Q

in methylthymol blue method mg binds to … to form a …

A

chromogen; colored complex

14
Q

● Preferred for analysis because of a diurnal variation in excretion
● Must be acidified with HCl to avoid precipitation

A

24-hour urine

14
Q

formazan dye method will bind to … to form … that may be read at …

A

dye; colored complex; 660 nm

15
Q

what are the magnesium colorimetric methods

A

Calmagite Method
Formazan Dye Method
Methylthymol Blue Method

16
Q

what color does calgamite method produce and what is the absorbance

A

reddish-violet complex; 532nm

16
Q

reference method of magnesium

A

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

17
Q
  • Major extracellular anion
  • Involved in maintaining osmolality, blood volume, and electric neutrality
  • Chloride shifts secondarily to a movement of sodium or bicarbonate ions
A

chloride

17
Q

this specimen in chloride determination is essential for detection of cystic fibriosis

A

sweat

17
Q

specimens used in chloride determination

A

serum
lithium herapinized plasma
whole blood
24 hour urine
sweat

18
Q

what are the colorimetric methods of chloride

A

ion selective electrodes
amperometric-coulometric titration

19
Q

what is the product or substrate of ISE in chloride

A

Tri-n-octylpropylammonium chloride decanol

20
Q

what is the product or substrate of Amperometric-coulometric titration in chloride

A

Cotlove Chloridometer

21
Q

reagent of Amperometric-coulometric titration

A

silver

22
Q

Schales and Schales Method
Precipitating agent:
standard solution:
product:
indicator:
color produced:

A

tungstic acid
mercuric ions (mercuric nitrate)
mercuric chloride
s-diphenylcarbazone
blue-violet colored complex

23
Q

Mercuric Thiocyanate Method
Solution:
Final product:
reacts with ferric ions:
color produced:

A

mercuric thiocyanate
Mercuric chloride
Free thiocyanate
reddish-brown complex

24
Q

● Second most abundant anion in the ECF
● Major component of the buffering system in the blood
● Composes the largest fraction of the total carbon dioxide

A

Bicarbonate

24
Q

Uses an acid to convert all the forms of CO2
to CO2 gas and is measured by a pCO2 electrode

A

ion selective electrode

25
Q

specimens to be used in bicarbonate

A

Venous serum
heparinized plasma
Anaerobic collection

26
Q

Alkalinizes the sample to convert all forms of CO2
to HCO3-

A

Enzymatic Method

27
Q

Bicarbonate ISE is measured by

A

Severinghaus PCO2 electrode (PCO2 - Partial carbondioxide)

28
Q

Enzymatic Method of bicarbonate alkalinizes the sample to convert all forms of CO2 to

A

bicarbonate

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (9 decks)

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