ALT, AST, ALP LEC Flashcards
old name of ast
serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase
what class does ast belong
transferase
coenzyme of ast
pyridoxal phosphate
what cycle in ast provide the source of energy
tricarboxylic acid cycle
ast has the highest concentration in what tissue source/s
Cardiac tissue
Liver
Skeletal muscle
in cytoplasm (got 1) it is mainly from?
RBC and heart
in got 1 the predominant form occurring is in
serum
in mitochondria (got 2) it is present in
liver
T/F: Isoenzyme analysis is routinely performed
F
clinical use of ast
Evaluation of hepatocellular
disorders and skeletal muscle
involvement
how many ULN in viral hepatitis
100x ULN
how many ULN in cirrhosis
4x ULN
what is the indicator reaction in karmen method principle
malate dehydrogenase
ph of ast
7.3-7.8
what will happen if there is hemolysis in ast
dramatically increases serum AST
concentration
old name of alt
serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase
coenzyme of alt
pyridoxal phosphate
where can you find alt in the tisue sources?
liver
Confined mainly to evaluation of hepatic disorders
alt
ratio of ast and alt if there is acute hepatocellular injury
7,000:3,000 ratio
what is the indicator enzyme of wrobleski ladue reaction
lactate dehydrogenase
absorbance of ast and alt
340nm
T/F: alt is unaffected by hemolysis
T
name of alkaline phosphatase
Monoester Phosphohydrolase
(Alkaline Optimum)
from what group does alp belong
hydrolases
liberation of inorganic phosphate from an organic phosphate ester with the concomitant production of alcohol
Alkaline Phosphatase
optimal ph of alp
9.0-10.0
activators of alp
magnesium
zinc
alp is present on cell surfaces in most tissues with highest
concentrations in
Intestine
Liver: location sinusoidal and bile canalicular membrane
Bone: in osteoblasts
Spleen
Placenta
Kidney
More predominant in obstructive conditions (cholestasis) than hepatocellular disorders
Hepatobiliary (elevated)
Elevated in involvement of osteoblasts
bone disorders (elevated)
increased or decreased: Inherited condition of hypophosphatasia
decreased
fastest migrator in alp electrophoresis
Liver ALP
slowest migrator in alp electrophoresis
Intestinal ALP
2 fractions of alp
Major Liver Fraction
Fast Liver Fraction
why bone alp is normally elevated in children
due to osteoblastic activity with this it is difficult to interpret
Presence depends on the blood
group and secretor status of the
individual (more likely “B” and
“O”)
Intestinal ALP
alp enzyme that is heat stable
Placental ALP
Residual activity after heating is <20% of the total activity before heating
Bone ALP
Residual activity after heating is >20% of the total activity before heating
Liver ALP
Inhibits intestinal ALP and placental ALP in greater extent than liver and bone ALP
Phenylalanine
Inhibits bone ALP and liver ALP
Levamisole
Inhibits bone ALP
3M Urea
similarity with placental
isoenzyme
Carcinoplacental ALP
- Inhibited by phenylalanine
- Detected in: Cancer of the ovary and gynecologic cancer (highest incidence), lungs, breast, and colon
Regan isoenzyme
Inhibited by phenylalanine and L-leucine
Detected in: metastatic carcinoma of pleural surfaces, and adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and bile duct
Nagao isoenzyme
Calculation of ALP activity based on the molar absorptivity of pnitrophenol
Bowers and McComb
absorbance of bowers and mccomb
405nm
why hemolysis causes slight elevations in alp
more concentrated in the RBC than serum
why hemolysis causes slight elevations in alp during diet
May elevate ALP activity of blood group B and O individuals who are secretors
