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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > ALT, AST, ALP LEC > Flashcards

ALT, AST, ALP LEC Flashcards

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1
Q

old name of ast

A

serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase

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2
Q

what class does ast belong

A

transferase

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3
Q

coenzyme of ast

A

pyridoxal phosphate

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4
Q

what cycle in ast provide the source of energy

A

tricarboxylic acid cycle

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5
Q

ast has the highest concentration in what tissue source/s

A

Cardiac tissue
Liver
Skeletal muscle

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6
Q

in cytoplasm (got 1) it is mainly from?

A

RBC and heart

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7
Q

in got 1 the predominant form occurring is in

A

serum

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8
Q

in mitochondria (got 2) it is present in

A

liver

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9
Q

T/F: Isoenzyme analysis is routinely performed

A

F

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10
Q

clinical use of ast

A

Evaluation of hepatocellular
disorders and skeletal muscle
involvement

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11
Q

how many ULN in viral hepatitis

A

100x ULN

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12
Q

how many ULN in cirrhosis

A

4x ULN

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13
Q

what is the indicator reaction in karmen method principle

A

malate dehydrogenase

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14
Q

ph of ast

A

7.3-7.8

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15
Q

what will happen if there is hemolysis in ast

A

dramatically increases serum AST
concentration

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16
Q

old name of alt

A

serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase

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17
Q

coenzyme of alt

A

pyridoxal phosphate

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18
Q

where can you find alt in the tisue sources?

A

liver

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19
Q

Confined mainly to evaluation of hepatic disorders

A

alt

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20
Q

ratio of ast and alt if there is acute hepatocellular injury

A

7,000:3,000 ratio

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21
Q

what is the indicator enzyme of wrobleski ladue reaction

A

lactate dehydrogenase

22
Q

absorbance of ast and alt

A

340nm

23
Q

T/F: alt is unaffected by hemolysis

A

T

24
Q

name of alkaline phosphatase

A

Monoester Phosphohydrolase
(Alkaline Optimum)

25
Q

from what group does alp belong

A

hydrolases

26
Q

liberation of inorganic phosphate from an organic phosphate ester with the concomitant production of alcohol

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

27
Q

optimal ph of alp

A

9.0-10.0

28
Q

activators of alp

A

magnesium
zinc

29
Q

alp is present on cell surfaces in most tissues with highest
concentrations in

A

Intestine
Liver: location sinusoidal and bile canalicular membrane
Bone: in osteoblasts
Spleen
Placenta
Kidney

30
Q

More predominant in obstructive conditions (cholestasis) than hepatocellular disorders

A

Hepatobiliary (elevated)

31
Q

Elevated in involvement of osteoblasts

A

bone disorders (elevated)

32
Q

increased or decreased: Inherited condition of hypophosphatasia

A

decreased

33
Q

fastest migrator in alp electrophoresis

A

Liver ALP

34
Q

slowest migrator in alp electrophoresis

A

Intestinal ALP

35
Q

2 fractions of alp

A

Major Liver Fraction
Fast Liver Fraction

36
Q

why bone alp is normally elevated in children

A

due to osteoblastic activity with this it is difficult to interpret

37
Q

Presence depends on the blood
group and secretor status of the
individual (more likely “B” and
“O”)

A

Intestinal ALP

38
Q

alp enzyme that is heat stable

A

Placental ALP

39
Q

Residual activity after heating is <20% of the total activity before heating

A

Bone ALP

40
Q

Residual activity after heating is >20% of the total activity before heating

A

Liver ALP

41
Q

Inhibits intestinal ALP and placental ALP in greater extent than liver and bone ALP

A

Phenylalanine

42
Q

Inhibits bone ALP and liver ALP

A

Levamisole

43
Q

Inhibits bone ALP

A

3M Urea

44
Q

similarity with placental
isoenzyme

A

Carcinoplacental ALP

45
Q
  • Inhibited by phenylalanine
  • Detected in: Cancer of the ovary and gynecologic cancer (highest incidence), lungs, breast, and colon
A

Regan isoenzyme

46
Q

Inhibited by phenylalanine and L-leucine
Detected in: metastatic carcinoma of pleural surfaces, and adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and bile duct

A

Nagao isoenzyme

47
Q

Calculation of ALP activity based on the molar absorptivity of pnitrophenol

A

Bowers and McComb

48
Q

absorbance of bowers and mccomb

A

405nm

49
Q

why hemolysis causes slight elevations in alp

A

more concentrated in the RBC than serum

50
Q

why hemolysis causes slight elevations in alp during diet

A

May elevate ALP activity of blood group B and O individuals who are secretors

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (9 decks)

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