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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE, LACTATE, ANION GAP > Flashcards

CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE, LACTATE, ANION GAP Flashcards

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1
Q

● Fifth most common element
● Most prevalent cation in the human body

A

Calcium

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2
Q

what is the clotting factor of calcium

A

clot factor 4

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3
Q

what is the enzyme in calcium

A

amylase

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4
Q

what part has the largest total number of calcium

A

bone

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5
Q

anions in calcium

A

citrate
bicarbonate
lactate

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6
Q

protein in calcium

A

albumin

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7
Q

physiologically active form of calcium

A

free calcium

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8
Q

specimens to be used in total calcium determination

A

Serum
Lithium heparin plasma

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8
Q

why should we not use the EDTA, oxalate, or citrate in total calcium determination

A

falsely low result

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8
Q

why must samples must be collected anaerobically, transported on ice, and stored at 4 degrees
Celsius

A

to prevent loss of carbon dioxide

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9
Q

sample to be used for ionized calcium determination:

A

Heparinized plasma

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9
Q

Do not use heparin in liquid form. Why?

A

falsely low

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10
Q

reference method of calcium

A

atomic absorption spectrophotometry

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10
Q

what sample to be used in urine calcium determination

A

24-hour urine sample acidified with 6mol/L hydrochloric acid

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10
Q

how much acid is added for each 100mL urine

A

1mL

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11
Q

current method of calcium

A

ion selective electrode

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12
Q

dye binding methods

A

Ortho-cresolphthalein Complexone Method
Arsenazo III Dye Method

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13
Q

calcium will bind to ,,, to form a ,,, color in ,,, solution, which is measured at near (absorbance)

A

ortho-cresolphthalein complexone
red
alkaline
580nm

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14
Q

AIIIDM: calcium will bind to ,,, to form a ,,, measured at (absorbance)

A

Arsenazo III
calcium-indicator complex
650nm

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15
Q

what method is when you add a chelating agent that binds in the calcium to change in color results

A

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid titration

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16
Q

what certain dye solutions have a characteristic color in the presence of ionized calcium.

A

cal–red
calcein
ammonium purate
Eriochrome Black T

17
Q

what method?
calcium is first precipitated as calcium oxalate, converted to oxalic acid with sulfuric acid, and then measured by titration against potassium permanganate

A

Clark-Collip Precipitation method

18
Q

what is the first precipitated product of CCPM in calcium

A

calcium oxalate

19
Q

calcium oxalate reacts to sulfuric acid and it is converted into

A

oxalic acid

20
Q

oxalic acid is measured by titration against

A

potassium permanganate

21
Q

end color of CCPM

A

purple

21
Q

if sodium chloranilate is the reagent in calcium what will be the result

A

calcium chloranilate

21
Q

reagent in Ferro Ham Chloranilic Acid Precipitation

A

sodium chloranilate

21
Q

Excess chloranilic acid is removed by washing the precipitate with

A

isopropyl alcohol

21
Q

Precipitate in Ferro Ham Chloranilic Acid Precipitation is treated with ,,,, which chelates calcium and releases
,,, and produces a ,,, color

A

EDTA
chloranilic acid
purple

22
Q

Found everywhere in living cells (major
intracellular anion)
Inversely related to calcium

A

Phosphate

23
Q

Primarily inorganic phosphate, predominantly as
clue: salts

A

hydroxyapatite
calcium phosphate

23
Q

in phosphate what is present in rbc

A

2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid

24
Q

PHOSPHATE:
○ present in the ECF in the form of inorganic phosphates
○ intracellularly in the soft tissues in the form of

A

organic phosphates

25
Q

specimens in phospate

A

Serum
Lithium heparin plasma
24-hour urine

25
Q

what sample and anticoagulants can interfere with the analysis

A

lithium heparin plasma
edta
citrate
oxalate

25
Q

why hemolysis should be avoided in phosphate

A

falsely high

26
Q

Circulating phosphate levels are subject to

A

circadian rhythm

27
Q

reducing agents of Fiske-Subbarow Method

A

pictol
senidine
ascorbic acid

28
Q

what inorganic salt in phosphate is measured by UV at 340 nm

A

ammonium phosphomolybdate complex

29
Q

normal end product of glucose metabolism

A

Pyruvate

29
Q

ammonium phosphomolybdate complex is measured by UV at 340 nm or can be reduced to … and read between (absorbance)

A

molybdenum blue
600 and 700 nm

30
Q

Is a by-product of an emergency mechanism that produces a small amount of ATP when oxygen delivery is severely diminished

A

Lactate

31
Q

Specimens in lactate

A

plasma
whole blood

31
Q

Conversion to lactate is activated when

A

deficiency of oxygen

32
Q

What is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis?

A

lactate

33
Q

sample that must be delivered on ice, and the
plasma must be separated quickly

A

Heparinized plasma

34
Q

the Enzymatic Method of lactate uses ,,, to produce ,,, and ,,,

A

pyruvate
hydrogen peroxide

35
Q

hydrogen donor

A

lactate

36
Q

Addition of ,,, and catalyzed by ,,, to form a ,,,

A

chromogen
peroxidase
peroxidase

37
Q

Useful in indicating an increase in one or more of the unmeasured anions in the serum

As a form of quality control for the analyzer used to measure electrolytes

A

Anion Gap

38
Q

reference range of anion gap

A

10-20mmol/L

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (9 decks)

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