CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE, LACTATE, ANION GAP Flashcards
● Fifth most common element
● Most prevalent cation in the human body
Calcium
what is the clotting factor of calcium
clot factor 4
what is the enzyme in calcium
amylase
what part has the largest total number of calcium
bone
anions in calcium
citrate
bicarbonate
lactate
protein in calcium
albumin
physiologically active form of calcium
free calcium
specimens to be used in total calcium determination
Serum
Lithium heparin plasma
why should we not use the EDTA, oxalate, or citrate in total calcium determination
falsely low result
why must samples must be collected anaerobically, transported on ice, and stored at 4 degrees
Celsius
to prevent loss of carbon dioxide
sample to be used for ionized calcium determination:
Heparinized plasma
Do not use heparin in liquid form. Why?
falsely low
reference method of calcium
atomic absorption spectrophotometry
what sample to be used in urine calcium determination
24-hour urine sample acidified with 6mol/L hydrochloric acid
how much acid is added for each 100mL urine
1mL
current method of calcium
ion selective electrode
dye binding methods
Ortho-cresolphthalein Complexone Method
Arsenazo III Dye Method
calcium will bind to ,,, to form a ,,, color in ,,, solution, which is measured at near (absorbance)
ortho-cresolphthalein complexone
red
alkaline
580nm
AIIIDM: calcium will bind to ,,, to form a ,,, measured at (absorbance)
Arsenazo III
calcium-indicator complex
650nm
what method is when you add a chelating agent that binds in the calcium to change in color results
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid titration
what certain dye solutions have a characteristic color in the presence of ionized calcium.
cal–red
calcein
ammonium purate
Eriochrome Black T
what method?
calcium is first precipitated as calcium oxalate, converted to oxalic acid with sulfuric acid, and then measured by titration against potassium permanganate
Clark-Collip Precipitation method
what is the first precipitated product of CCPM in calcium
calcium oxalate
calcium oxalate reacts to sulfuric acid and it is converted into
oxalic acid
oxalic acid is measured by titration against
potassium permanganate
end color of CCPM
purple
if sodium chloranilate is the reagent in calcium what will be the result
calcium chloranilate
reagent in Ferro Ham Chloranilic Acid Precipitation
sodium chloranilate
Excess chloranilic acid is removed by washing the precipitate with
isopropyl alcohol
Precipitate in Ferro Ham Chloranilic Acid Precipitation is treated with ,,,, which chelates calcium and releases
,,, and produces a ,,, color
EDTA
chloranilic acid
purple
Found everywhere in living cells (major
intracellular anion)
Inversely related to calcium
Phosphate
Primarily inorganic phosphate, predominantly as
clue: salts
hydroxyapatite
calcium phosphate
in phosphate what is present in rbc
2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid
PHOSPHATE:
○ present in the ECF in the form of inorganic phosphates
○ intracellularly in the soft tissues in the form of
organic phosphates
specimens in phospate
Serum
Lithium heparin plasma
24-hour urine
what sample and anticoagulants can interfere with the analysis
lithium heparin plasma
edta
citrate
oxalate
why hemolysis should be avoided in phosphate
falsely high
Circulating phosphate levels are subject to
circadian rhythm
reducing agents of Fiske-Subbarow Method
pictol
senidine
ascorbic acid
what inorganic salt in phosphate is measured by UV at 340 nm
ammonium phosphomolybdate complex
normal end product of glucose metabolism
Pyruvate
ammonium phosphomolybdate complex is measured by UV at 340 nm or can be reduced to … and read between (absorbance)
molybdenum blue
600 and 700 nm
Is a by-product of an emergency mechanism that produces a small amount of ATP when oxygen delivery is severely diminished
Lactate
Specimens in lactate
plasma
whole blood
Conversion to lactate is activated when
deficiency of oxygen
What is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis?
lactate
sample that must be delivered on ice, and the
plasma must be separated quickly
Heparinized plasma
the Enzymatic Method of lactate uses ,,, to produce ,,, and ,,,
pyruvate
hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen donor
lactate
Addition of ,,, and catalyzed by ,,, to form a ,,,
chromogen
peroxidase
peroxidase
Useful in indicating an increase in one or more of the unmeasured anions in the serum
As a form of quality control for the analyzer used to measure electrolytes
Anion Gap
reference range of anion gap
10-20mmol/L
