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ECOS 1 > Posture and Gait > Flashcards

Posture and Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior static posture screen landmarks

A 
Alignment of:
Eyes
Ears
Nose/Nostrils
Angles of jaw (TMJ may cause misalignment)
neck muscles
shoulder bone (acromion)
collar bones (clavicles)
carriage of the arms
fingertip length
anngle of rib cage
belly button
pelvic bones (iliac crest)
greater trochanter (must palpate)
knees
ankles
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2
Q

Common anterior postural misalignments

A

facial droop - nerve paralysis/stroke
flexed arm held against body - nerve damage/spliting due to injury
knees facing inward (knocking) - bone pathology/leg pain

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3
Q

Posterior static posture screen landmarks

A 
Alignment of:
Ears
Cervical spine (paravertebral muscle mass)
Slope of shoulders
tips of the shoulder
bottom angle of shoulder blade
spinal alignment
para spinal muscles
pelvis (iliac crests)
Hip bones (greater trochanter)
knee (popliteal space)
ankles
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4
Q

Common posterior postural findings

A

Scoliosis - alternating unevenness (shoulders, curve in spine, uneven hips)
short leg - anatomic vs postural
Shoulder winging - muscle/nerve weekness vs postural

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5
Q

Normal spine curvatures

A 
Lordosis (anterior curvature)
- cervical 
- lumbar
Kyphosis (posterior curvature)
- thoracic
- sacrum
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6
Q

Lateral static postural screen landmarks

A 
Assess alignment of:
gravitational line/plump line
head carriage (ears)
shoulder carriage
spinal curves
knee alignment
pelvis alignment
*third lumbar vertebra is ideally the center of gravity
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7
Q

Common lateral postural findings

A

Poor/hunched posture

  • Loss or exaggeration of spinal curves
  • Large anterior carriage of head and neck
  • chronic musculoskeletal pain vs muscle or neurologic pathway
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8
Q

Goal of gait

A

move body weight forward

  • with as little energy as possible
  • without hurting yourself
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9
Q

Challenges to gait

A

must be able to absorb body weight/forces from ground
transfer body weight in an efficient manner
conver absorbed forces into forward movement

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10
Q

Walking gait

A
  • combination of stance phase and swing phase
  • feet mostly alternate (one in stance while the other is in swing) but there is some overlap with walking (both feet on ground at the same time) - alternate single support and double support
  • with running they alternate completely
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11
Q

Stance phase

A

Heel strike: Establish stable contact with ground
Loading response: absorb ground reaction to weight
mid-stance to pre-swing: Body weight carried forward

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12
Q

Swing phase

A

Goal is to clear foot, advance lower extremity, prepare lower extremity for loading

  • toe-off
  • mid-swing
  • terminal swing
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13
Q

Ataxic gait

A

Neurologic etiology

  • bilateral legs
  • wide base, irregular steps
  • lack of balance/proprioception (awareness of where you are in the world)
  • alcohol intoxication or injury to balance centers of brain/spinal cord
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14
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Neurologic etiology

  • Unilateral: loss of function
  • drag/pull limbs stuck in spasm
  • leg is stiff in extension, so must be dragged/circumducted around to the front
  • due to damage to motor control of brain - common with strokes
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15
Q

Scissor Gait

A

Neurologic etiology

  • bilateral legs
  • leg muscles stiff due to spasm with knees pointing inward
  • legs and foot commonly crosses midline, some circumduction
  • due to damage at motor part of spinal cord
  • most common in pediatric populations (result of hypoxia and causes cerebral palsy)
  • arms can move freely - usually used to maintain balance
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16
Q

Steppage Gait/Foot drop

A

Neurologic etiology

  • Unilateral (other side clears normally)
  • “hiking” bending at hip/knee to raise leg higher
  • weak foot, unable to bend ankle (dorsal flexion) so leg has to lift higher to clear foot
  • foot DROPS to ground once in front
  • due to weakness in specific nerve, causing inability to raise foot
17
Q

Parkinsonian Gait

A

Neurologic etiology

  • bilateral
  • stiff and stooped over with tremors
  • short shuffling gait that speeds up involuntarily (fenstrating) - start shuffling faster as they begin to fall forward
  • damage to muscle tone/movement initiation center of brain
18
Q

Waddling/Trendelenburg Gait

A

Musculoskeletal etiology

  • Bilateral
  • Duck-like waddle - trunk shifts toward stance leg, hip drops on swing leg
  • poor trunk control - common in people with chronic pain who do not do much walking (sit in wheelchair most of the day but walk to the bathroom)
  • trunk and leg muscular weakness/pathology
19
Q

Antalgic Gait

A

Musculoskeletal etiology

  • Unilateral
  • shorten gait to prevent placing weight on leg
  • decrease stance phase on effected limb
  • due to pain in lower extremity, concern for trauma, joint damage, or joint inflammation
  • “limp”

ECOS 1 (9 decks)

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